중국어 다항보어문 속 목적어와 보어의 순서에 나타난 도상성 연구

Abstract

This article analyzes the primary word order and the secondary word order of object and complement in Chinese multiple complements sentences. The primary word order of a multiple complements sentence in which the object appears after the predicate can be divided into ‘V+C1+O+C2’ and ‘V+C1+C2+O’. At this time, the position of the object is determined according to the characteristics of the object (place name, common noun, pronoun) and the type and characteristics of the complement. The C1 that appears immediately after the predicate is mainly the resultative complement, the possibility complement and the direction complement. The C2 which is distant from the predicate is the quantity complement. ‘Iconicity of proximity’, ‘relative adjacency’ and ‘adjacency of similar elements’ are used to interpret the word order between complements. The location of the object in the multiple complements sentence is described using the concept of ‘identifiability’. The secondary word order of the multiple complements sentence is mainly a case where a prepositional phrase complement appears. In this case, the object is shifted before the predicate by using the ‘ba/jiang’ to construct a topic sentence. If the prepositional phrase complement appears together with the resultative complement, the prepositional phrase complement appears after the resultative complement. If a prepositional phrase complement appears with a direction complement which is ‘lai, qu’, the prepositional phrase complement appears before the direction complement. If a prepositional phrase complement appears with the direction complement which is ‘hui, kai, qi’, the prepositional phrase complement appears after the direction complement. This order reflects ‘Sequential iconicity’. When a prepositional phrase complement appears with a quantity complement, the prepositional phrase complement represents the place and the quantity complement represents the time. In general, conceptually close to the verb is a place rather than a time, so the prepositional phrase complement appears before the quantity complement. This order reflects ‘Iconicity of proximity’.