複合辞に関する通時的研究 -「～どころか」と「～どころではない」を中心に-

Abstract

The first known appearance of 「～dokoroka」 in Japanese literature was in the year 1684 Yugirisichinenki and it was frequently used at the end of a sentence. The first time 「～dokoroka」 was commonly used connected to substantives only, but it came to be connected to the declinable word from the middle of the 18th century. The document in which 「～dokoroka」 most frequently appears is Toukaidouchuhizakurige 1802～09. The expression originates from the kokkeibon and appears to have been commonly used in comic language taking an unexpected turn. According to my research, 「～dokoroka」 was also used in a similar way, in the Hanasibon-namely to emphasize an element of surprise in conversation. During the Meiji era, 「～dokoroka」 gradually also started to be used connected to verbs, and negations could increasingly be appear both before and after it. As result of this influence, 「～dokoroka」 gradually became more commonly used as a compound particle. 「～dokoroka」 was used in spoken language mainly until the Edo era, from the Meiji era, it has come to be used in documents, such as newspaper articles, as useful expressions for clear article transmission in written language. Eventually,「～dokoroka」 gradually became commonly used as written language in the Meiji era. On other hand, the first known appearance of 「～dokorodehanai」in Japanese literature was in the year 1642 Ookuratoraakirakyougen. It was also used mainly in the comic genre, such as Kyouge, Toukaidouchuhizakurige, Hanasibon. It appears to have been frequently used in spoken language. In the beginning, 「～dokorodehanai」was used a declinable word connection, but it has gradually come to be used connected to Substantives more frequently. From the Meiji era, it started to be used also connected to verbs and adjectives. Finally, 「～dokorodehanai」was used for the first time to mean " can't afford to do" in common language as used today. Therefore, form this time, 「～dokorodehanai」 has become a compound auxiliary verb. In comparing 「～dokoroka」 to 「～dokorodehanai」, 「～dokorodehanai」was not found in formal written documents, such as newspaper or magazine articles. As such, 「～dokorodehanai」was used exclusively in spoken language.