현대중국어 분열문 및 준분열문
A Study on Cleft and Pseudo-Cleft Sentence in Modern Chinese
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This paper confirms the scope of Cleft sentence and Pseudo-cleft sentence in Modern Chinese, and analyzes the pragmatic functions of two structures in context. The contents and results of the research are as follows: First, Cleft sentence only includes “Shi……de1” which indicates the past, and “shi……de2” which indicates the assertion. If the element before the “shi” is not from the NP node, if “de” appears before the object in the transitive sentence, if change the meaning after changing of position of front and back components of “shi”, in these cases, all are included in the cleft sentence. However, if numerals or demonstratives appears after “shi”, it is not included in the cleft sentence. Second, the pseudo-cleft sentence can be formed as “…(zuo)deshi…”, and not only the noun component but also the verb’s component can appear after “shi” as focus. If head appears after “de” or if the noun component after “shi” is indefinite, it is not included in the pseudo-cleft sentence. Third, “shi” is the focus marker in the cleft sentence which generally emphasizes the right component, but occasionally emphasizes the left component of “shi” in the contrastive sentences. If focus appears after “shi” and at the same time object appears after “de”, “shi” indicates the primary focus and “de” indicates the secondary focus. Thus “de” also sometimes functions as a focus marker. Fourth, the information structure of the cleft sentence is “presupposition+focus” or “focus+presupposition”. It functions to present or contrast the focus element as important information about the already mentioned information in the precedent sentence. However, the pseudo-cleft sentences all have a “presupposition+focus” structure, and focus is placed in the end of sentence, which leads to a new topic to be described in the following sentence.
Abstract
This paper confirms the scope of Cleft sentence and Pseudo-cleft sentence in Modern Chinese, and analyzes the pragmatic functions of two structures in context. The contents and results of the research are as follows: First, Cleft sentence only includes “Shi……de1” which indicates the past, and “shi……de2” which indicates the assertion. If the element before the “shi” is not from the NP node, if “de” appears before the object in the transitive sentence, if change the meaning after changing of position of front and back components of “shi”, in these cases, all are included in the cleft sentence. However, if numerals or demonstratives appears after “shi”, it is not included in the cleft sentence. Second, the pseudo-cleft sentence can be formed as “…(zuo)deshi…”, and not only the noun component but also the verb’s component can appear after “shi” as focus. If head appears after “de” or if the noun component after “shi” is indefinite, it is not included in the pseudo-cleft sentence. Third, “shi” is the focus marker in the cleft sentence which generally emphasizes the right component, but occasionally emphasizes the left component of “shi” in the contrastive sentences. If focus appears after “shi” and at the same time object appears after “de”, “shi” indicates the primary focus and “de” indicates the secondary focus. Thus “de” also sometimes functions as a focus marker. Fourth, the information structure of the cleft sentence is “presupposition+focus” or “focus+presupposition”. It functions to present or contrast the focus element as important information about the already mentioned information in the precedent sentence. However, the pseudo-cleft sentences all have a “presupposition+focus” structure, and focus is placed in the end of sentence, which leads to a new topic to be described in the following sentence.
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