Nationalism, Commercialism, and the Remapping of Chinese Borders: The Dianshizhai Pictorial’s Coverage of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-95
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The Dianshizhai Pictorial was a popular illustrated magazine published three times a month in Shanghai from 1884 to 1898. The Pictorial positioned itself as light reading material for pleasure and was enjoyed by an extensive readership that went beyond educated adults. Whereas existing scholarly works on the Pictorial have focused on the merits of the Pictorial as a cultural and historical source material for better understanding Shanghai residents’ and, more generally, Chinese people’s lifestyle, culture, custom, and view of the Western world, this paper focuses on the understudied topic of war by analyzing the Pictorial’s reports on the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-95. First, the paper examines the Pictorial’s tendency to distort facts in favor of China in its frontline war reporting. Second, it examines the ways in which nationalism and commercialism were closely linked to the Pictorial’s delivery of the war situation. Lastly, the paper investigates how the surge of anti-Japanese patriotism during the war led to the reimagination of Chinese imperial geography. This paper’s approach to the Pictorial broadens the scope of the Pictorial’s merits in studying late Qing Chinese culture, society, and history, and deepens our understanding of the emergence of incipient nationalist consciousness in late Qing Chinese society.
Abstract
The Dianshizhai Pictorial was a popular illustrated magazine published three times a month in Shanghai from 1884 to 1898. The Pictorial positioned itself as light reading material for pleasure and was enjoyed by an extensive readership that went beyond educated adults. Whereas existing scholarly works on the Pictorial have focused on the merits of the Pictorial as a cultural and historical source material for better understanding Shanghai residents’ and, more generally, Chinese people’s lifestyle, culture, custom, and view of the Western world, this paper focuses on the understudied topic of war by analyzing the Pictorial’s reports on the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-95. First, the paper examines the Pictorial’s tendency to distort facts in favor of China in its frontline war reporting. Second, it examines the ways in which nationalism and commercialism were closely linked to the Pictorial’s delivery of the war situation. Lastly, the paper investigates how the surge of anti-Japanese patriotism during the war led to the reimagination of Chinese imperial geography. This paper’s approach to the Pictorial broadens the scope of the Pictorial’s merits in studying late Qing Chinese culture, society, and history, and deepens our understanding of the emergence of incipient nationalist consciousness in late Qing Chinese society.
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