17·18세기 北伐論의 추이와 北學論의 대두

Abstract

This Article is intended to explain the emergence of 'Bukhak Thoughts'(Northern learning, 北學) in late 18th century was the result of succession and variation of long term continued plan for Northern Subjugation since late 17th century. King and cabinet of court of Joseon dynasty began to admitted that they did not persist plan for Northern Subjugation after the failure of the Revolt of the Three Feudatories in 1681. but some distinguished figures out of court such as Han won-jin continuously asserted plan for Northern Subjugation in early 18th century, whereas most of figures in court thought that more important was not persisit plan for Northern Subjugation, but to commemorate historical meaning of plan for Northern Subjugation. On the other hand, few figures began to asserted to abolish plan for Northern Subjugation, and admitted the Qing centered east asian world order instead of Ming centered east asian world order. By the way, since the middle of 18th century that had passed a century after collapse of Ming Dynasty, it was even harder to continue plan for Northern Subjugation. The reality that the barbarian Qing continued to occupy china more than a century was enough for them to give up for the hope to recover Ming Dynasty at last. This changed situation made most ruling class people of Joseon dynasty including some distinguished figures out of court, except few men, abandon plan for Northern Subjugation completely, and made most ruling class people of Joseon dynasty find the reason why Qing could lasted over a century despite their barbarian attribute. In this context, some figures who had been visited peking as a member of official envoy of Joseon, began to explain the reason of Qing dynasty's stability and prosperity was not because of Barabrian Qing attribute, but because of Chinese traditional culture which Barabrian Qing stole from Chinese Ming dynasty. Some ruling class figures of Joseon dynasty such as Bak Jega, Bak Jiwon began to separate culture of Qing and Qing itself, and they did not felt any difficult to accept culture of Qing because it was not Barbarian Qing's but Chinese. Bukhak Thoughts could be originated from this concept.