북벌 담론의 전개 양상과 문학적 형상화에 대한 연구

Abstract

The ‘北伐’ implies an offensive meaning to ‘subjugate(伐)’ the Qing Dynasty(淸), which is symbolized as ‘北’. ‘Northern Learning(北學)’ has been recognized without doubt as a movement to protest against it. But there are some problems with this logic. First of all, the ‘北伐’ of Hyojong(孝宗), which advocated an attack, was carried out on a defensive level. On the other hand, Song Si-yeol(宋時烈), who had disagreed with Hyojong from the beginning, accepted Ju-hui(朱熹)’s sinocentrism(華夷觀) optionally. He also wrote ‘biographies(傳記)’ of figures who protected ‘Daemyeong Euiri(對明義理)’ with death, elevating his argument to an irrefutable discourse. The problem is that this argument has become a political ideology as it has deepened into a strong 華夷觀. At the same time, it unilaterally suppressed the reasons of the Joseon’s ruling elite. As a result, various literary works have expressed critical views. In the Chinese Short Stories(漢文短篇), it looked skeptically at the doctrinal discourse of the ‘北伐’ through critical perceptions of 孝宗 and 宋時烈. In the Yeonhaengrok(燕行錄), a reflection view of the reality of supporting wasted ‘對明義理’ through objective recognition was outstanding. Finally, 「Seon-yu-dong-gi(仙遊洞記)」 revealed the fictitiousness of the ‘北伐’ through the direct testimony of those who led the ‘北伐’, and in Three Ways of the ‘北伐’ published in 「Heosaeng-Jeon(許生傳)」, it came to criticize the dual and contradictory attitude of the Joseon’s ruling elite toward the ‘北伐’ boldly and completely. The ‘北伐’, which lost its original meaning, paralyzed the sense of reality and history of Joseon’s ruling elite. Finally, Joseon came to the end of a ‘self-closing(自己閉塞)’ that closed its channels of communication with the continent. The critical literary expression of the ‘北伐’ was a process of ‘self-awareness(自醒)’ about the transformation of the ‘北伐’, which was an irrefutable political discourse and a powerful 華夷觀 that suppressed the repressive factor of the Joseon’s ruling elite. And it finally turned out to be a call for ‘self-reflection(自省)’, a claim to correct the closed and distorted perception of reality that led to the regression of Joseon.