교육목표의 관계적 동조(alignment)와 학업성취: 지위획득 연구의 새 방향
Relational Alignment of Educational Goals and Educational Performance:A New Direction of Status Attainment Research
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본 연구는 관계적 동조(同調 relational alignment)가 학업성취에 미치는 효과를 경험적으로 검증한다. 관계적 동조는 지위획득 연구에서 최근에 정교화한 사회자본개념으로 부모와 아이사이의 교육목표의 호응, 일치로 정의된다. 관계적 동조는 “열망의 세대(Ambitious Generation)”에 등장하는 동조된 열망(aligned ambition)에 담겨 있는 일치, 호응(matching)의 함의, 위스콘신 지위획득모형에서 강조한 아이들을 둘러싸고 있는 기대의 망(網)이 갖는 중요성, Coleman의 사회자본이론이 강조하는 규범과 기대의 관계적 전수(relational transmission)등에 개념적 기반을 둔다. 이 연구의 분석 자료는 제주도를 제외한 전국에서 2003년에 중학교 2학년인 학생을 모집단으로 추출한 표본에 대해 실시한 한국청소년패널 원년조사를 사용하였다. 회귀분석을 통해 얻어진 분석결과는 관계적 동조를 경험적으로 표현한 부모와 자식사이에 교육목표의 일치가 전교 석차로 표현된 학업성취에 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 덧붙여 부모의 교육수준이 아이의 학업성취에 미치는 효과는 이러한 부모와 자식사이에 성립한 교육목표에 대한 호응여부에 따라 달라지는 것으로 드러났다. 다시 말해서 부모의 높은 교육수준이 아이의 높은 학업성취로 나타나기 위해서는 관계적 동조가 일어나야 한다는 것을 의미한다. 또 아버지 교육수준이 전문대 이상인 집단과 고교 이하인 집단에서 분석한 결과 학교 사회자본을 대표하는 선생님과 친밀도는 아버지 교육수준이 낮은 집단에서 부모와 친밀도는 아버지 교육수준이 높은 집단에서 통계적으로 유의미한 효과를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 불리한 사회경제적 배경을 가진 아이들에게 공식학교가 갖는 사회자본으로서 중요성을 경험적으로 보여준 것이다.
Abstract
This study examines the effect of “relational alignment” on school performance. Relational alignment, a recently refined theoretical construct of social capital in the field of status attainment research, is defined as the matching of parents' and adolescents' educational goal. Relational or interpersonal alignment reflects the idea of matching in the aligned ambition in Ambitious Generation as well as the importance of the web of expectations surrounding children suggested in the Wisconsin model and the relational transmission of norms or expectations in Colman's conception of social capital. This study used the data from the first wave of Korean Youth Panel Survey, which surveyed a nationally represented ―except Jejudo― sample of the second grade students attending middle school in 2003 and analyzed with ordinary least square regression method. Results show that alignment of parents' and students' educational goals influence students' school rank in a statistically significant way. The effect of parents' education on students' school rank is also dependent on relational alignment of educational goals between parents and adolescents. In other words, if parents with high level of education want to transmit their human capital to their children, they have to develop the relational alignment of educational goal with their children. Another finding in the analyses indicates that social capital in school measured by closeness of relationship between students and teachers is statistically significant only for the students who have lower level of father's education. This finding is consistent with the argument that school is the alternative and probably the only viable source of social capital for students with disadvantaged family background.
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