본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

학교설립 유형이 학업성취도에 미치는 영향: 사회실험을 활용한 인과관계 분석

The effects of school sectors on student academic achievement:Causal analysis using social experiment

1

조회

0

다운로드

25

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류교육학

초록

이 연구는 2010년 서울시에 실시한 일반고 선택 제도의 실행 과정에서 정책기관이 학교 정원의 일정 비율의 학생을 고교설립 유형과는 무관하게 무작위로 배정하였다는 것에 착안하여 학교설립 유형이 학생들의 학업성취도에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 또한 학업성취도의 차이를 가져오는 학교의 요소에 대한 조사를 목적으로 하였다. 조사대상 학생들을 사립학교와 공립학교의 설립유형으로 분류하여 학생특성, 가정배경 및 중3시기 학업성취도의 동질성을 비교한 결과, 학교배정 이전에 두 집단 간에 유의미한 차이가 존재하지 않았으며 본 연구의 설계가 실험연구와 유사하다는 것을 확인하였다. 연구결과를 보면 사립학교에서 영어 과목에 학업성취도가 높게 나왔으며 수학 과목의 경우에는 학교설립 유형이 학업성취도에 유의미한 영향을 주지 않았다. 다만 자기학습 시간과 같은 학교 밖 경험을 통제한 경우에는 영어 과목의 사립학교 효과의 통계적 유의미성은 감소하였다. 사립학교 효과성의 소재를 파악하기 위해 학생들의 학교평가를 바탕으로 두 설립유형을 비교한 결과를 보면 4개 분야(학교의 학습능력 배양, 학생수준에 맞는 교육, 교사의 열의 및 학업상담)에서 학생들은 유의미하게 차이가 있는 것으로 인식하고 있었다. 유의미한 교육활동의 차이를 보이는 분야의 하위요소를 조사한 결과를 보면, 교사의 열의와 관련하여 「교사 상호간 수업방식 개선을 위한 논의 정도」가 사립학교 효과와 관련되는 것으로 검증되었다. 이러한 결과에 대해 학습조직 이론의 관점에서 그 함의를 논의하였다. 본 연구는 이론적으로 학교설립 유형과 학업성취도의 관계에 대한 인과관계를 확인하였으며 사립학교 효과성의 관련 요인을 발견하였다는 점에 의의가 있다.

Abstract

This study examined the effects of school sectors on student academic achievement and addressed the school factors that affected these effects. This study made use of the open enrollment policy for general high school that was implemented in 2010, in which the Seoul educational authority assigned 40% of students randomly to schools irrespective of students' preference. Analysis showed that selected students were not different in personal characteristics, family background and achievement level in middle school by school sectors and thus confirmed that this study was equipped with characteristics of social experiment. Results show that private high school enhances students' achievement in English compared to public high school, but not in Mathematics. Then, the locus of private school's advantage was investigated using students' evaluation, which could reflect private school's excellence over public school. Comparison between sectors revealed that students in private school give their schools higher credits in four fields: enhancement of students learning capability, education appropriate to students' ability, teachers' commitment, and students counseling. After examining subfactors for these four fields, this study found that the extent of teachers' informal discussion about teaching and feedback among peer teachers were highly related to private schools’ effects in achievement. Implications of this finding were discussed using the concept of learning organization. This study contributes to literature by confirming the causal relationship between school sectors and students' achievement but also by addressing the cause of private school's advantage over public school.

참고문헌 (58)

  1. 교육과학기술부, "교육50년사" (2011), 교육과학기술부
  2. 21세기 지식강국을 주도할 국가인적자원개발 정책보고서Ⅲ, "교육인적자원정책위원회", 대통령자문 교육인적자원정책위원회, ~ (2002)
  3. 김동석, "고교평준화에 관한 정책주장의 논리구조 분석", 교육행정학연구, 20(3), pp.23~49 (2002), 한국교육행정학회
  4. 김영화, "중등 사학의 교육력 실태 및 동인 분석", 교육사회학연구, 18(4), pp.75~113 (2008), 한국교육사회학회
  5. 김영화, "설립별 학교유형과 역사적 전통에 따른 사학 유형이 학업성취도에 미치는 영향: 일반계고교를 중심으로", 교육사회학연구, 17(3), pp.53~78 (2007), 한국교육사회학회
  6. 김한별, "교사의 무형식 학습에서 사회적 자본의 의미", Andragogy Today: Interdisciplinary Journal of Adult & Continuing Education (IJACE), 12(3), pp.27~45 (2009), 한국성인교육학회
  7. 남궁근, "행정조사방법론(제2판)" (1998), 법문사
  8. 박주호, "학교조직의 학습조직으로 변화의 논거", Andragogy Today: Interdisciplinary Journal of Adult & Continuing Education (IJACE), 11(1), pp.113~144 (2008), 한국성인교육학회
  9. 서울교육종단연구조사설계 및 기초분석 연구, "박현정", 서울특별시교육청, ~ (2010)
  10. 변수용, "사립학교의 효과성: 환상인가 현실인가", 교육사회학연구, 21(1), pp.77~109 (2011), 한국교육사회학회
  11. Data 기반 서울교육정책 설계 : 서울교육종단연구, "서울시교육청", 서울특별시교육청, ~ (2010)
  12. 2010학년도 후기 고등학교 신입생 배정안, "서울특별시교육청", 서울특별시교육청, ~ (2010)
  13. 송기창, "사학의 재정구조와 정부의 지원 방안", 2004년 한국교육행정학회․대한사립중고등학교장회 공동세미나 (2004), 프레스센터 19층 기자회견장
  14. 오욱환, "교사전문성 : 교육전문가로서의 교사에 대한 논의" (2005), 교육과학사
  15. 정책기획위원회, "사립학교법 개정 : ‘그들’의 학교에서 ‘우리들’의 학교로" (2008), 대통령자문정책기획위원회
  16. 지은림, "서울교육종단연구 학업성취도 문항개발" (2010), 서울특별시교육청
  17. 홍창남, "학교특성과 교사 헌신의 구조적 관계", 교육행정학연구, 24(2), pp.29~52 (2006), 한국교육행정학회
  18. Angrist J. D., "Instrumental variables methods in experimental criminological research : what, why and how", Journal of Experimental Criminology, 2, pp.23~44 (2006)
  19. Aslam, M., "What can teachers do to raise pupil achievement?", Economics of Education Review, 30(3), pp.559~574 (2011)
  20. How different, how similar: Comparing key organizational qualities of American public and private secondary schools, "Baker, D.", U. S. Government Printing Office, ~, pp.NCES 96-322 (1996)
  21. Bryk, A. S., "Professional community in Chicago elementary schools : Facilitating factors and organizational consequences", Educational Administration Quarterly, 35(5), pp.751~781 (1999)
  22. Carbonaro, W., "School sector and student achievement in the era of standards based reforms", Sociology of Education, 83(2), pp.160~182 (2010)
  23. Bryk, A., "Catholic schools and the common good" (1993), Harvard University Press
  24. Chubb, J. E., "Politics, markets, and America's schools" (1990), Brookings Institution
  25. Cohen, D. K., "Learning policy : When state education reform works" (2001), Yale University Press
  26. Coleman, J. S., "Public and private high schools : The impact of communities" (1987), Basic Books
  27. Public and private schools : A report to the National Center for Educational Statistics, "Coleman, J. S.", National Opinion Research Center, ~ (1981)
  28. Dougherty, K. J., "Opportunity-to-learn standards : A sociological critique", Sociology of Education, 69, pp.40~65 (1996)
  29. Evans, W. N., "Finishing high school and starting college: Do catholic schools make a difference?", Quarterly Journal of Economics, 10(4), pp.941~974 (1995)
  30. Gamoran, A., "Student achievement in public magnet, public comprehensive, and private city high schools", Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 18(1), pp.1~18 (1996)
  31. Goddard, Y. L., "A theoretical and empirical investigation of teacher collaboration for school improvement and student achievement in Public Elementary Schools", Teachers College Record, 109(4), pp.877~896 (2007)
  32. Goldhaber, D. D., "Public and private high schools: Is school choice an answer to the productivity problem?", Economics of Education Review, 15(2), pp.93~109 (1996)
  33. Greene, J. P., "School choice in Milwaukee: A randomized experiment, In Learning from school choice" (1998), Brookings Institution Press
  34. Grogger, J., "Further evidence on the effects of Catholic secondary schooling, In Brookings-Wharton papers on urban affairs" (2000), Brookings Institute
  35. Haertel, E. H., "Comparing public and private schools. (Vol. 2)" (1987), The Falmer Press
  36. Hoffer, T., "Achievement growth in public and catholic schools", Sociology of Education, 58(2), pp.74~97 (1985)
  37. Jeon K. S., "How do organizational and task factors influence informal learning in the workplace?", Human Resource Development International, 15(2), pp.209~226 (2012)
  38. Jepsen, C., "The effectiveness of Catholic primary schooling" (1999), Northwestern University
  39. Lee, V. E., "A multilevel model of the social distribution of high school achievement", Sociology of Education, 62(3), pp.172~192 (1989)
  40. Lubienski, C., "Re-examining a primary premise of market theory: An analysis of NAEP data on achievement in public and private schools" (2004), NCSPE, Columbia University
  41. Murnane, R. S., "Comparing public and private schools : The puzzling role of selectivity bias", Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 3, pp.23~35 (1985)
  42. 남기곤, "Are Private Schools More Effective than Public Schools?: Experience from a Natural Experiment in Korea", 노동경제논집, 32(3), pp.91~121 (2009), 한국노동경제학회
  43. "A nation at risk.: The imperative for educational reform" (1983)[URL]
  44. Teacher professionalization and teacher commitment : A multilevel analysis, "NCES(NATIONAL CENTER FOR EDUCATION STATISTICS)", U. S. Department of Education, ~ (1997)
  45. Park, Insim, "Teacher commitment and its effects on student achievement in American high school", Educational Research and Evaluation, 11(5), pp.461~485 (2005)
  46. Peterson, P. E., "The effects of school choice in New York City, In Earning and learning: How schools matter" (1999), Brookings Institution Press and Russell Sage Foundation
  47. Reyes, P., "Individual work orientation and teacher outcomes", Journal of Educational Research, 83(6), pp.327~335 (1990)
  48. Rouse, C. E., "Private school vouchers and student achievement : An evaluation of the Milwaukee parental choice program", Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113(2), pp.553~602 (1998)
  49. Rowan, B., "Commitment and control: Alternative strategies for the organizational design of schools, In Review of research in education" (1990), AERA
  50. Schein, E. H., "Organizational and managerial culture as a facilitator or inhibitor of organisational learning. Society for organisational learning" (1997), MIT
  51. Shadish, W. R., "Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference" (2002), Houghton- Mifflin
  52. Sander, W., "Catholic grade schools and academic achievement", Journal of Human Resources, 31(3), pp.541~548 (1996)
  53. Senge P. M., "The fifth discipline : The art and science of the learning organization" (2006), Random House
  54. Senge, P., "Schools that learn: A fifth discipline fieldbook for educators, parents, and everyone who cares about education" (2000), Doubleday
  55. Toma, E. F., "Public funding and private schooling across countries", Journal of Law and Economics, 39(1), pp.121~148 (1996)
  56. Vandenberghe, V., "Evaluating the effectiveness of private education across countries : a comparison of methods", Labour economics, 11(4), pp.487~506 (2004)
  57. Weldy, T. G., "Learning organization and transfer: Strategies for improving performance. The Learning Organization", The International Journal of Knowledge and Organizational Learning Lanagement, 16, pp.58~68 (2009)
  58. Witte, J. F., "The Milwaukee voucher experiment", Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 20(4), pp.229~251 (1998)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (7건)