1970년대 초 남북대화의 종합적 분석 ―남북관계와 미중관계, 남북한 내부 정치의 교차점에서―

Abstract

Recently declassified documents showed that the rapprochement between the United States and People's Republic of China in the early 1970s had seriously influenced on Inter-Korean talks. Kissinger and Zhou En-lai had wide range of discussions on Korea issues including withdrawal of US troops in South Korea, peace treaty, and debates on Korea in United Nations. U.S.-PRC talks influenced on every important turning point of two Koreas' talks such as the initiation of the talks, the building of secret communication channel between top leaders of two Koreas, and declaration of North-South Korea for Unification in July 4, 1972. However, it dose not mean that two major powers had unilateral influence on two Koreas to develop inter-Korean talks. North and South Korean governments responded to the sweeping change of international relations in East Asia, U.S.-PRC rapprochement, with their own initiative and purpose. In this context, inter-Korean talks could have some linkage with U.S.-PRC relations at the time. Even though two Koreas' governments started inter-Korean talks to react to the international change, two leaderships in North-South Koreas also utilized inter-Korean talks for internal politics. Park Chung-hee in the South built Yushin Sytem to prolong his presidency permanently. In the North Korea, Kim Jung-il emerged as a successor during inter-Korean talks. These changes of internal politics in two Koreas made harmful effect on inter-Korean talks. Since starting of 1973, inter-Korean negotiations were at an impasse. Two Korean government did not showed sincerity on negotiations. Simultaneously discussions on Korea between US and PRC were at a stand still in the early 1973. Finally inter-Korean talks suspended in August, 1973. Futhermore, modification of diplomatic policies of two Koreas caused to impasse inter-Korean talks. South Korea proposed simultaneous affiliation of North-South Koreas to UN in July 23, 1973 but North Korea which clearly had opposed this idea rejected the proposal from the South and condemned South Korea for its pursuing of permanent division of country. North Korea pursued direct contact with the US for peace treaty but the US had no intention to have direct talks with North Korea without any linkage with inter Korean relations and US-PRC relations. Eventually, two Koreas failed to link harmoniously their inter-Korean policies and diplomatic policies. It became one of reasons for termination of inter-Korean talks in the early 1970s.