15세기 피렌체의 아동의 삶과 아동 보호의 역설
The Life of Children and the Paradox of Foundling-Care in the Fifteenth-Century Florence
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This study aims to investigate the history of childhood in Renaissance Florence in the socio-cultural matrix in which it emerged. Generally speaking, children in Renaissance Florence were the objects of abandonment and abuse. In particular, this phenomenon was more accelerated by two elements: the first, high mortality after the black death that drove women to endless pregnancy and childbirth; the second, time-honored wet-nurse system that, as an useful way of getting women's labor, was widely practiced during the Renaissance. Along with those, a peculiar marriage pattern of the Renaissance and dowry system relevant to it also furthered the child abandonment and abuse. As a result of those, the Florentine society brought forth many ‘cruel mothers’ and ‘poor children.’ Accordingly it seems plausible that miserable fate of Children in Renaissance Florence was a cultural slice of misogynist patriarchal society. But, at the same time the Florentine during the Renaissance established several foundling homes in order to raise and educate institutionally abandoned children. To put another way, on the opposite side of the abandonment of and the disinterest in children on the level of everyday life, municipal authorities or a group of civic charity organizations were actively protecting them. Paradoxically enough, however, the establishment of foundling homes encouraged abandonment, because the major purpose of establishing the foundling home was to remove unwanted children from the sight of ordinary citizens. Moreover, in doing so the Florentine intended to constitute the male-dominating patriarchal society. In short, the children of Renaissance Florence were the safe-goats stemmed from the construction of the state-centered controlling system or purification of the city, so to speak, ‘policing of morality’ by the state.
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the history of childhood in Renaissance Florence in the socio-cultural matrix in which it emerged. Generally speaking, children in Renaissance Florence were the objects of abandonment and abuse. In particular, this phenomenon was more accelerated by two elements: the first, high mortality after the black death that drove women to endless pregnancy and childbirth; the second, time-honored wet-nurse system that, as an useful way of getting women's labor, was widely practiced during the Renaissance. Along with those, a peculiar marriage pattern of the Renaissance and dowry system relevant to it also furthered the child abandonment and abuse. As a result of those, the Florentine society brought forth many ‘cruel mothers’ and ‘poor children.’ Accordingly it seems plausible that miserable fate of Children in Renaissance Florence was a cultural slice of misogynist patriarchal society. But, at the same time the Florentine during the Renaissance established several foundling homes in order to raise and educate institutionally abandoned children. To put another way, on the opposite side of the abandonment of and the disinterest in children on the level of everyday life, municipal authorities or a group of civic charity organizations were actively protecting them. Paradoxically enough, however, the establishment of foundling homes encouraged abandonment, because the major purpose of establishing the foundling home was to remove unwanted children from the sight of ordinary citizens. Moreover, in doing so the Florentine intended to constitute the male-dominating patriarchal society. In short, the children of Renaissance Florence were the safe-goats stemmed from the construction of the state-centered controlling system or purification of the city, so to speak, ‘policing of morality’ by the state.
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