Who is Admitted into a Drug Treatment Court? Comparing Caucasians and African Americans Residing in a Midwest state
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Racial disparities exist in admission to drug treatment court (DTC) programs in the United States. This study examined differences in DTC admission rates between African Americans and Caucasians, and which Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) factors were associated with admission. We analyzed a statewide administrative dataset on individuals (N=4,253) who were screened with the Risk And Needs Triage tool. Significantly more Caucasians than African Americans got into a DTC program (72% vs. 58%). Different criminogenic risk (e.g., criminal history), treatment need (e.g., prior substance abuse treatment episodes), and responsivity (e.g., housing instability) factors predicted admission. After controlling for these RNR factors, race remained significant. More emphasis needs to be put on using objective criteria, namely RNR factors, for admission decisions to minimize possible bias and discrimination.
Abstract
Racial disparities exist in admission to drug treatment court (DTC) programs in the United States. This study examined differences in DTC admission rates between African Americans and Caucasians, and which Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) factors were associated with admission. We analyzed a statewide administrative dataset on individuals (N=4,253) who were screened with the Risk And Needs Triage tool. Significantly more Caucasians than African Americans got into a DTC program (72% vs. 58%). Different criminogenic risk (e.g., criminal history), treatment need (e.g., prior substance abuse treatment episodes), and responsivity (e.g., housing instability) factors predicted admission. After controlling for these RNR factors, race remained significant. More emphasis needs to be put on using objective criteria, namely RNR factors, for admission decisions to minimize possible bias and discrimination.
참고문헌 (30)
- Andrews, D. A., "Classification for effective rehabilitation : Rediscovering psychology", Criminal Justice and Behavior, 17, pp.19~52 (1990)
- Andrews, D. A., "The psychology of criminal conduct" (2010), Anderson
- Andrews, D. A., "The risk-needresponsivity (RNR) model: does adding the good lives model contribute to effective crime prevention?", Criminal Justice and Behavior, 38, pp.735~755 (2011)
- Steven Belenko, "THE CHALLENGES OF CONDUCTING RESEARCH IN DRUG TREATMENT COURT SETTINGS", Substance Use & Misuse, 37(12-13), pp.1635~1664 (2002), Informa UK Limited[DOI]
- Steven Belenko, "The Long Road to Treatment", Criminal Justice and Behavior, 38(12), pp.1222~1243 (2011), SAGE Publications[DOI]
- Avinash Singh Bhati, "Simulated evidence on the prospects of treating more drug-involved offenders", Journal of Experimental Criminology, 6(1), pp.1~33 (2010), Springer Science and Business Media LLC[DOI]
- Risk-need-responsivity model for offender assessment and rehabilitation, "Bonta, J.", Public Safety Canada, ~, pp.Corrections Research User Report No. 2007-06 (2007)
- Fox, J., "Regression Diagnostics" (1991), Sage Publications
- Goldkamp, J., "Handbook of Quantitative Criminology", pp.455~480 (2010), Springer
- Deborah S. Hasin, "DSM-5 Criteria for Substance Use Disorders: Recommendations and Rationale", American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(8), pp.834~851 (2013), American Psychiatric Association Publishing[DOI]
- Audrey O. Hickert, "Factors That Predict Drug Court Completion and Drop Out: Findings From an Evaluation of Salt Lake County's Adult Felony Drug Court", Journal of Social Service Research, 35(2), pp.149~162 (2009), Informa UK Limited[DOI]
- Michelle A Lang, "Predicting retention in a residential drug treatment alternative to prison program", Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 19(2), pp.145~160 (2000), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Lipsey, M., "Serious & violent juvenile offenders: Risk factors and successful interventions", pp.313~345 (1998), Sage Publications
- Marlowe D., "Targeting dispositions for drug-involved offenders: A field trial of the Risk and Needs Triage (RANT™)", Journal of Criminal Justice, 39, pp.253~260 (2011)[DOI]
- "Painting the current picture: A national report on drug courts and other problem-solving courts in the United States" (2016)[URL]
- "Field trial of the risk and needs triage: Missouri adult treatment court participants" (2017)[URL]
- Ojmarrh Mitchell, "Assessing the effectiveness of drug courts on recidivism: A meta-analytic review of traditional and non-traditional drug courts", Journal of Criminal Justice, 40(1), pp.60~71 (2012), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Terrie E. Moffitt, "Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy.", Psychological Review, 100(4), pp.674~701 (1993), American Psychological Association (APA)[DOI]
- Moffitt, T. E., "Developmental theories of crime and delinquency", pp.11~54 (1997), Transaction Publishers
- "Drug Use and Dependence, State and Federal Prisoners, 2004" (2006)[URL]
- National Drug Court Institute, "Quality Improvement for Drug Courts: Evidence-based Practices" (2008)
- "Overview of Drug Courts" (2020)[URL]
- "Expanding access to drug court: An Eval uation of Brooklyn’s Centralized Drug Screening and Referral Initiative" (2010)[URL]
- "The Multi-site Adult Drug Court Evaluation: Executive Summary" (2011)[URL]
- CASSIA SPOHN, "THE IMPRISONMENT PENALTY PAID BY YOUNG, UNEMPLOYED BLACK AND HISPANIC MALE OFFENDERS", Criminology, 38(1), pp.281~306 (2000), Wiley[DOI]
- Vetta L. Sanders Thompson, "African Americans' Perceptions of Psychotherapy and Psychotherapists.", Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 35(1), pp.19~26 (2004), American Psychological Association (APA)[DOI]
- "Mass incarceration: the whole pie 2017" (2017)[URL]
- SAS Institute Inc, "Base SAS 9.4 Procedures Guide" (2013), SAS Institute Inc
- Wooditch, A., "Which criminogenic need changes are most important in promoting desistance from crime and substance use?", Criminal Justice and Behavior, 41(3), pp.276~299 (2014)
- "What’s happening with drug courts: A national portrait of adult drug courts" (2011)[URL]