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프랑스의 근세 팽창정책 결정요인 연구: 루이 14세 시기 팽창과 균형, 책임전가를 중심으로

Ad Gloriam? Expansion, Balance, and Buck-Passing at the Time of Louis XIV

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본 논문은 국제관계론 발전을 위해 프랑스 근세 팽창정책 결정요인과 이에 대한 다른 강대국의 반응에 관한 연구를 진행하고자 하였다. 프랑스 루이 14세의 팽창적 외교정책에 관한 기존 학자들의 인식은 루이 14세 개인적 영광추구의 동기로 보는 것이 일반적인 견해이다. 그러나 17세기 말에서 18세기 초 유럽국제정치의 맥락에서 살펴보면, 개인적 변수뿐만 아니라 국제적 변수들을 고려해야만 1661∼1713년 프랑스의 팽창정책의 결정요인을 좀 더 명확히 이해할 수 있다. 그 시기를 해석하도록 본 논문은 방어적 현실주의와 공격적 현실주의라는 국제관계학 이론을 적용한다. 이러한 문제의식 아래 루이 14세 재위 시기, 프랑스의 팽창적 대외정책을 설명하는 이론으로 공격적 현실주의를 제시하며, 특히 세력분포 변수를 통하여 프랑스의 대외정책 팽창 양상을 잘 설명할 수 있다고 주장한다. 방어적 현실주의의 이론적 기대와는 달리, 강대국들은 대외적 팽창정책을 추구할 유인이 있음을 보여준다.

Abstract

It is common knowledge that the search for glory drove Louis XIV’s foreign policy. However, reducing the international politics of late-seventeenth and early-eighteenth centuries Europe to Louis XIV’s personality misses an important part of the story. In order to explain that era, I test against it offensive realism and defensive realism. I show that France was a potential hegemon from 1661 to 1713 and that it acted according to the predictions of offensive realism. France took all the opportunities to expand. Several great powers tried to pass the buck of containing France as often as possible. This study demonstrates that, contrary to what defensive realism predicts, great powers have clear incentives to expand. Thus, offensive realism provides more insights than defensive realism. This study is of importance for international relations theory but also for understanding the international politics of early modern Europe.

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