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2003년 이라크전 유지연합(Coalition of the Willing) 참여 동기에 대한 연구

A Study on the Motivation behind Foreign Policy Decisions of States on the U.S.-led Coalition of the Willing During the 2003 Iraq War

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주제분류정치외교학

초록

단극체제의 등장과 함께 유지연합(Coalition of the Willing)이 국제분쟁및 안보문제 해결을 위한 주요 기제로 재인식되고 있는 가운데, 본 논문은2003년 이라크 전쟁 당시 미국 주도의 유지연합에 대한 국가들의 의사결정동기를 분석하고자 한다. 당시 유지연합에 동참한 국가들의 행위는 현실주의이론 및 위협균형 이론이나 공공재 이론과 같은 기존의 틀로는 충분하게 설명되지 않는 면이 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 세력 균형이나 위협으로 대별되는체제 구조가 국가의 대외정책에 미치는 영향이 간접적이고 복합적이라는 신고전적 현실주의의 관점을 차용하여, 미국에 대한 방기/연루 딜레마와 동맹기여의 전략적 이익이라는 체계 하위의 매개변수들이 대외정책을 결정짓는다는 분석틀을 제시한다. 이를 바탕으로 2003년 이라크 유지연합에서 기존이론과의 불일치성, 국가의 상대적 힘, 동맹의존도의 측면에서 보았을 때 주목할 만한 한국, 독일, 터키, 폴란드의 사례를 분석한다. 분석결과 국가별로서로 상이한 요소들이 방기/연루 위협과 전략적 이익을 증대 혹은 감소시키는 요소로 작용하였고 그것은 국가별로 상이한 정책 선호로 이어졌음을 유추해 볼 수 있다.

Abstract

This paper aims to provide an analytical framework based on Neoclassical realism that is designed to explain foreign policy decisions of states on the coalition of the willing. The alliance behaviors of the 2003 coalition cannot be sufficiently explained by existing alliance literature, such as Realism, balance of threat argument, or public goods theory. In order to fill this gap, this paper capitalizes on Neoclassical Realism’s assumption that the impact of systemic pressure (independent variable) on states’ foreign policy decisions (dependent variable) are indirect and complex, and presents a decision-making framework in which two sub-systemic intermediate variables―Glenn Snyder’s abandonment/entrapment dynamic and decision makers’ perception on strategic interest that can be gained from supporting an ad-hoc coalition―determine states’ foreign policy decisions. In order to test the validity of the framework, this paper explores four distinctive cases―South Korea, Germany, Turkey, and Poland―selected with consideration of the deviation from expected responses, relative power of a state, and the level of security dependence on the U.S. The result reveals that the framework can better explain the empirical observations that seem to be at odds with existing theoretical knowledge.

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