释奠禮乐之起源与东夷文明
The Origin of Ritual and Music of the Confucius Ceremony and Dongyi Culture
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本文是为了探究释奠祭礼之乐舞的起源与东夷文明。释奠礼指在文庙祭奠孔子等先圣、先贤的仪式。释奠是自古以来本着儒学的独特文化意识，从学校奉行下来，而备受关注。本文主要对形成释奠文化底蕴的乐舞的起源进行探究。了解释奠乐舞的起源，是掌握释奠这一独特文明史所具有的整体意义的有利途径。首先了解释奠祭礼之乐舞的发祥地以及礼乐是如何形成、扎根下来的。说起释奠祭礼之乐舞的起源，也不得不提及追溯至上古时代的文明的起源。随之阐明其主要构成因素与《韶》乐是有关联的。然后探究释奠祭礼随着时代的变迁不断地产生变化并扎根下来的进程。阐明释奠虽然历经世代王朝对其基本形态进行改编、颁布实施的过程，但其原始面貌仍被保留下来的事实。然后，进一步扩展对释奠起源的探究范围，把思绪带入古代文明的起源。因为利用最近年间考古学上的成果，会不可避免地对东亚文明起源本身进行多元化解释。尤其是关于由东夷文化、华夏文明、苗蛮文明等形成的文明起源多元论，探讨《韶》乐作为释奠乐舞的起源，与东夷文明到底有没有关联，并以此为出发点，探究释奠在文明史上所具有的意义. 我们对释奠祭礼乐舞的起源进行了探讨。首先可以知道，释奠乐舞的源于舜帝的韶乐。后来释奠祭礼乐舞经过王朝的更换其名称或实施细则均出现了变化。同时也可以明白，随着形成乐舞之基本内容的《韶乐》，占据各个王朝雅乐的主要部分，不管从名称或颁布内容上有何改变，实质上是一脉相承下来的。从流传下来的文献和乐舞资料来看，孔庙乐舞传承了古代《韶樂》的或有形或无形踪迹，《韶》乐是通过释奠乐舞得以代代相传。如今，虽然找不到古《韶》乐的原有面貌，但仔细查看一下资料，可以从释奠祭礼中意外地找到《韶》乐的遗韵。通过释奠祭礼，我们或许找到了挖掘东亚文明原始起源的端倪。尤其，处于利用考古学资料都可以对东亚文明进行多元化解释的时代的我们，应该可以随着释奠乐舞留下的模湖足迹，并作为一个课题，追根溯源至其原始面貌。
Abstract
The origin of Ritual and Music of the Confucius Ceremony is related to not only the cultural characteristics of Confucianism, but also the roots of ancient civilizations in East Asia(Dongyi culture). Ritual and Music of the Confucius Ceremony originated from Shao music composed by Emperor Shun. Its basic concepts and contents have been maintained for thousands of years, though names and forms had been changed with each dynasty. Furthermore, we can find clues to the cultural root of East Asian civilizations in the ceremony’s Ritual and Music. Confucian Classics and archaeological achievements prove that the Shao music was influenced by the Dongyi culture; for example, Emperor Shun was a Dongyi, Qi Dynasty’ territory included the geological and cultural region of Dongyi, and Kui who helped Shun create the Shao music was closely connected with the Wu(Shaman) culture.
참고문헌 (16)
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- "the Book of Rites(礼记)", ~
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