가족 사회자본과 부모의 자녀교육: 가족 간 및 가족 내 차이에 대한 다층분석
Family social capital and parents involvement in children's education: Multilevel analysis for differences between and within families.
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가족 사회자본은 자녀학습에 대한 父와 母의 관심과 참여 즉 부모의 집단행동 수준에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 가족 간(between family) 및 가족 내(within family) 父와 母의 자녀교육 관여의 차이에 가족 사회자본이 미치는 영향을 조사하는 것이다. 가족 사회자본의 유형 중 네트워크 형태를 통한 구성원 간 관계의 고찰을 통해 자녀교육에서 가족구조의 결속(bonding) 혹은 연대(bridging) 등과 같은 네트워크 형태의 다양성과 그 다양성이 지닌 특징과 영향을 조사하였다. 본 연구의 자료는 한국아동패널에서 자녀가 초등학교 입학 시점인 2015년 자료를 활용하였으며 연구의 대상은 양부모 가족 중 맞벌이 가정을 대상으로 하고 있다. 본 연구는 부모의 자녀교육 관여를 교육열로 조작적 정의를 하고 다층분석의 장점을 활용하기 위하여 부모 데이터가 지닌 집단 크기의 제한을 완화하는 병렬척도를 적용하였다. 가족 사회자본은 부, 모, 자녀의 삼자적 상호작용 관계(triadic reciprocity)를 고려한 부부관계, 부자관계, 모자관계의 소원과 친밀을 적용하여 부모와 자녀의 네트워크 형성을 반영한 8개의 유형으로 구분하였다. 연구결과는 완전연결 사회자본 유형과 열린 삼자관계 사회자본 유형 간 가족 교육열에 유의미한 차이가 없음을 보여준다. 삼자관계 사회자본 유형은 양자관계(dyad) 사회자본 유형에 비하여 가족 교육열 수준이 유의미하게 높다. 가족 내 母와 父의 교육열은 가족 사회자본 유형에 관계없이 母가 父보다 높다. 母-父 교육열 차이는 父가 자녀와 직접적인 네트워크가 형성된 경우에 최소가 되며 반면에 父와 자녀가 母의 중개를 통해서 간접적으로 연결되어 있는 경우에 최대가 된다.
Abstract
Family social capital can affect the interest and participation of parents in their children's education. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of family social capital on differences between and within families in the involvement of children's education. Considering the relationship between family members through the network configurations of family social capital, this study investigated the diversity of network types such as bonding or bridging of family structures in children's education, and the characteristics and effects of such diversity. This study used data from the Korean Children's Panel in 2015, when children entered elementary school. The sample of this study was confined to dual-income households. An operational definition of parental involvement in children's education was defined as educational enthusiasm. A parallel scale was applied to relax the group size limitation of parental data to utilize the advantages of multilevel analysis. Family social capital was classified into eight types that reflected the parent-child network types. The results of this study showed that there is no significant difference in family education enthusiasm between the fully connected type of family social capital and the open triad types. The triad types of family social capital has a significantly higher level of involvement in children’s education than the dyad types. The educational enthusiasm within the family is higher for mothers than for fathers, regardless of the types of family social capital. The mother-father educational disparity is minimal when fathers form a direct network with their children, while maximal when fathers and children are indirectly connected through mothers.
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