使行錄에 기록된 기원의 양상과 의미연구

Abstract

During the Joseon Dynasty, envoys were sent to Beijing or Edo to achieve diplomatic purposes. The rout of the envoy differed over circumstances, which lead envoys to travel either on land routes or sea routes. Their travel on sea routes was a good opportunity for the Joseon intellects to experience the sea. The remaining records of envoys provides an insight of the circumstances of the diplomatic circumstances and the mental state of the envoys. Situations beyond control made the envoys anxious and they expressed their anxiety through prayers. Praying is ‘an act out of despair to wish something one wants to actually happen,’ and is purposed to communicate with a god, or any figure transcendental power. The purpose of this study is to investigate the aspects of prayers throughout the travels of envoys, and determine the significance of those prayers. Different envoy routes shows different aspects of prayers. ‘Hae-shin-jae’ (해신제, Religious Ceremony to the god of Sea), and memorial ceremonies for those who were taken by the sea are good examples for sea routes, while paying respects to ‘Yi-jae-myo’(이제묘) or ‘Bak-da-jin’ are good examples for land routes. Responding to the royal summons and arriving safely had great importances to the enovys, and therefore Hae-shin-jae were held at the deporting port of Joseon such as Sun-sa-po (선사포) or Young-ga-dae (영가대, Busan) and also at the port of arrivals on the shore of China. For envoys traveling to the Myeong Dynasty of China on ships, the ceremonies were conducted by the seamen, while for envoys as part of the Joseon Tongshinsa where the rituals were highly valued, the ceremonies were lead by the envoys themselves. Memorial ceremonies at areas which were submerged are not found in the records of Joseon Tongshinsa. For envoy travels to China, it is easily founded that envoys had payed their respect at Yi-jae-myo, but in the Joseon Tongshinsa records, envoy travels where they payed their respect at Bak-da-jin is rarely found. This difference is based on the universalism of the middle ages.