17세기 전반 對明 海路使行의 운항과 풍속 분석

Abstract

This article analyzes the voyages, including religious service, customs,sailing and experience, guidance, and border, among the journey of the envoys, sent from Joseon to Ming dynasty by sea, during the first half of the 17th century. During the journey, the teams for envoy held religious rituals for the sea and ship, wishing bon voyage. The objects of rituals were the god of ocean(大海神), Sea Dragon King(龍王), the god of wind(風伯), the god of star(小星), the god of ship(船神), and so on. Besides, they also had special rituals for drowned envoys, the god of village shrine, Mazu, the Chinese god of sea, and so on. The seamen had somewhat unusual customs that considering dreams of ladies, appearing,to be lucky, and placing a taboo on saying 'drowning' on sailing. On sailing to China, June and July, with easterly wind, are the best time, and on the contrary, on returning back to Korea, spring and summer, with westerly wind, are the best. They used sounds, such as bugles and cannons, and lights such as fire arrows and lamps. Compasses were used to find directions. On the sailing, they sometimes stopped off some islands in search of drinking waters and firewood. The seamen often saw waterspouts and whales, which could not be seen by land route. When someone passed away, the remains of envoys were brought to homeland, and sailors were buried in the island. The ships for envoys got supported with official documents, for passing through, and guidance, from military camps of Ming. In the early days,it was done by military camp in Dengzhou, then later by Dongjiang zhen (東江鎭) in Ga island(椵島). But the military camp of Maowenlong(毛文龍)of Dongjiang zhen were often uncooperative in passing through of ships. The Sin island is located at the mouth of the river, Amnokgang. These days, some Chinese websites or netizens argues that, the Sin island belonged to China. But historically it has been in territory of Joseon dynasty continuously, and in the travel diary of envoys, there are records, proving the fact.