사행록에 기록된 ‘명ㆍ청 교체기’의 의례와 의미 연구 — 최현의 『조천일록』을 중심으로 —

Abstract

In traditional times, a key means of diplomacy was diplomatic missions. Even during the Ming-Qing transition, when the international order in Northeast Asia was being restructured, diplomatic missions were carried out. Among the travel logs recorded against this backdrop is Choi Hyun's <Jocheon Ilrok>. This study aims to examine the aspects and meanings of the rituals during the Ming-Qing transition period, based on the records in Choi Hyun's <Jocheon Ilrok>. Choi Hyun's diplomatic mission to Beijing lasted from August 3, 1608, to April 19, 1609. His travel log, which documents his observations and impressions during this journey, vividly portrays the distinct rituals and cultures of the Liaodong region. In Joseon, where Neo- Confucianism was the state ideology, funeral rites were conducted as solemn Confucian ceremonies. However, in the Liaodong region, different rituals were observed. Through this content, we can understand the state of rituals and culture in the Liaodong region in the early 17th century and the differences in perceptions of death between the Joseon literati and the residents of Liaodong. When the diplomatic missions reached Pyongyang and Yeongpyeongbu, the envoys visited the tombs of Gija and Yije. These areas were of interest to the Joseon envoys, and unlike the tomb of Gija, the tomb of Yije was perceived as a 'pilgrimage site,' where the literati composed poetry and paid homage. On the other hand, the tomb of Yije in Changrak County, visited during maritime missions, was not perceived as a 'pilgrimage site.' Commonly observed rituals during diplomatic missions were 'political rituals,' as the purpose of these missions was to resolve political issues diplomatically. In contrast, rituals based on folk beliefs were prevalent in coastal areas, allowing for a cultural interpretation of the relationship between human conditions and nature.