현대 과학철학 및 경제철학의 흐름과 스미스의 과학 방법론에 관한 연구
Modern Philosophy of Science and Adam Smith's View of Science
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본 연구는 현대 과학 및 경제철학의 주요 방법론적 흐름을 개관하고, 스미스의 과학에 관한 견해가 그 다양한 조류와 유사성을 공유하고 있음을 확인한다. 본 연구의 특별한 강조점은 스미스의 과학관에서 과학적 연구는 복합적, 다면적 측면을지니며, 존재론적 형이상학은 과학에 관한 영향력을 발휘하고 있음을 확인하는점에 있다. 『철학논집』의 ‘천문학사’에 나타난 고대 천동설에서 근대의 뉴턴의 천문학체계에 관한 스미스의 과학관에 따르면, 과학가설은 형이상학을 포함한 배경지식(background knowledge)과 유기체적인 관계를 형성하고 있다. 그러므로 이론의 평가와 합리화 과정에서 기본적으로 과학이론은 설명력과 예측력에 의해 평가되지만, 동시에 배경지식과의 정합성과 일관성은 유의미한 기준이 된다. 그리고 과학자 커뮤니티 또는 사회 내에서의 의사소통이 요구되는 과학의 특성, 또한인간본성의 인지와 감성체계가 활용되는 점은 과학 가설의 평가영역에 수사학적,사회학적, 미학적 요소가 빈번히 개입하는 배경이 된다.
Abstract
This paper aims to review modern philosophy of science and economics andexamine some common properties between it and Adam Smith’s view ofscience. In particular, we try to find that, in Smith’s opinion, science hascomplex dimensions, and is made compatible with and complementsmetaphysics. Reviewing Smith’s ‘History of Astronomy’ we observe that inSmith’s view of justification process of science, a theory is evaluated not onlyin terms of its accountability and prediction power, but by way of its coherenceand consistency with background knowledge. Also, in Smith’s view of science,the fact that scientific knowledge ought to be communicated among scientificand social communities, and is reached making use of human cognitive andaffective system leads to see that rhetorical, sociological and aesthetic factorsplay a part in the justification process.
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