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국부론의 유럽 경제사와 역사담론의 수사학

The European Economic History in the Wealth of Nations and Adam Smith’s Rhetoric of Historical Discourse

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키워드

주제분류경제학

초록

현대 과학철학에서 토대주의의 퇴조 가운데 주목할 만한 조류는 과학적 실재주의와 수사학적 방법론이다. 1980년대 부상한 인문학적 기반의 수사학적 방법론에 따르면, 논증의 수사적 기능과 방식은 학문적 담론의 방법론적 토대일 뿐만 아니라 다양한 학문 사이의 의사소통을 위한 연결고리가 될 수 있다. 본 연구는 수사학적 방법론의 관점에서 스미스의 경제학의 논증적 방식과 특성을 조명한다. 구체적으로 『수사학강의』에 기술된 역사담론의 수사학을 중심으로 『국부론』 제3편 경제사이론의 수사적 특성이 고찰된다. 이를 위해 첫째, 『수사학강의』의 탐구의 수사학 가운데 역사담론의 수사학이론이 상세하게 검토된다. 둘째, 『국부론』의 역사연구와 경제사는 역사담론의 수사학이론을 적용해서 구성되었다는 점이 고찰된다. 셋째, 학문담론 및 역사담론의 수사학적 관점과 주요 개념(분석-종합의 방법, 이론적/사실기록적 역사, 해석학적 이해 등)에 의거할 때, 『국부론』의 두 유형의 경제사(자연적 진보 대비 역사적 진보)는 실재론적 비교제도 연구임과 동시에, 역사적 교훈 및 대안적 공공정책을 권고하고 있음을 보여준다.

Abstract

Both scientific realism and rhetorical approaches are noteworthy, following the decline of the rationalist foundationalism in modern philosophy of science. According to the rhetoric of inquiry, the rhetorical function and way of argumentation are not only a methodological basis for, but a meaningful connecting chain for communication between, diverse disciplines of science. On this basis this paper aims to cast light on Adam Smith's economics from rhetorical approaches. In particular, we will explore the contents and characteristic of economic history in the Wealth of Nation on the basis of historical discourse in his lectures on rhetoric. First, we will take a close look at Smith's theory of historiography in special regard to historical discourse. Second, the European economic history in the Wealth of Nation, Part III was written making proper use of the rhetoric of historical discourse. Third, the two types of economic history based on didactic and historical discourses are not only the realist accounts of the comparative and historical performances of different institutional background, but present such rhetorical purposes as historical lessons and alternative public policy.

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