6.25전쟁과 한⋅미⋅일 공조의 형성에 관한 연구

Abstract

This study considered the progress in which the US and Soviet those were the Allied Nations went into the hostile relation, the US and Japan those were the hostile country went into the allied relations, Japan and the Republic of Korea(ROK) those were exclusive each other formed the cooperation system mediated by the US through post-war settlement process of the Pacific War, progress of the cold war and the Korean War. In sum, This results are as the followings. First, after the Pacific War, the US wanted Japan to be joined in order to prepare for the war against the Soviet as the cold war had been gradually aggravated in the post-war settlement process. On the other hand, the ROK was a symbol of the political prestige but strategically less important to the US. This was a dilemma of the US. The US intended to resolve this problem by transferring this from the US-Soviet Committee to the UN. Second, in September 1951, the peace treaty which means the legal conclusion of the Pacific War was made with focusing on the US and excluding the Soviet. In the same day, the US intended to exploit this for defending the free world by remilitarizing Japan through the US-Japan Security Treaty. Meanwhile, in October 1, 1953, it is for obtaining the agreement and cooperation of Syngman Rhee with regard to the cease-fire that the Eisenhower Administration made a mutual defence treaty with the ROK. Japan, however, declined the remilitarization by insisting the nation's and economy condition. Then, the US accepted the division of Korea as a reality and recognize Korea as a new contributor to the Pacific Security. The base of the today's Korea-US-Japan cooperation is the ROK-US Security Treaty and the US-Japan Security Treaty. To the US, for the security of the Pacific obtained through the war against Japan, Korea and Japan are recognized as the first and second defence line, respectively. To Japan, the existence of the ROK is considered the defence wall of the anti-communism, and rear-supporting such as providing the US strategy with bases and facilities in return for the security free-riding by the US Forces. To the ROK, for responding to the invasion from the communism, it can be blocked by the ROK-US alliance and supported from the rear side by the US-Japan alliance. Moreover, the US-Japan Security Treaty plays a role as a bottle cap restraining the enhancement of Japanese military power because the US is mainly in charge of the Japanese defense, so that the security of the ROK feared by Japanese armed threat is guaranteed. In other words, in the US-Japan Security Treaty it is stipulated that they contributes to the world peace and security keeping in the Far East, and the ROK-US security treaty said that they respond cooperatively to the armed attack from outside in the Pacific area. Thus, the application range of the ROK-US Security Treaty is more wider than that of the US-Japan Security Treaty. This is the US' intention of tying Japan in the Far East by controling the Japanese advance to the Pacific.