한국 고대사회 外來人의 존재양태와 사회적 역할

Abstract

This article examines the status, existence and the social role of immigrants who migrated to Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla. A substantial number of people from China defected to Goguryeo, and after the annexation of Lelang and Daifang Commandery, a number of their people were incorporated into Goguryeo. Goguryeo respected power base of people from China for a considerable period of time. However, the people from China gradually became part of the governing body in Goguryeo and some of them were even promoted to senior government positions. To induce the stable settlement of war prisoners and the Chinese immigrants, Goguryeo distributed land and reduced their tax burden for some years. The immigrants of Lelang and Daifang, who emigrated to Baekje, introduced Chinese character culture as well as the Confucianism to that State. Some of them were incorporated into the highest status of Baekje. Also when it comes to foreigners who became naturalized individually, Baekje supervised them by adding them to the household register. Chinese immigrants and the people of Lelang and Daifang, and their descendants significantly contributed to the development of Chinese character culture and Confucianism in Goguryeo and Baekje. They were widely chosen as envoys to China, since not only they were proficient in Chinese, but also they possessed academic skills to write the diplomatic documents. In the late 9th century, for the purpose of promoting Sinicization policy, King Kyeongmoon and King Heongang of Shilla hired many of the naturalized Chinese bureaucrats, who had deep knowledge in study and Confucianism. At that time of Shilla, political influence of the naturalized Chinese bureaucrats was limited. However, their descendants greatly contributed to the establishment of Koryeo’s bureaucracy by formulating a meritocratic hiring policy, thus Koryeo’s government officials were appointed based on their academic abilities. It can be confirmed that in the mid-6th century, King Seong of Baekje sent Baekje’s bureaucrats from Wa to that State as envoys. He dispatched them for the purpose of holding anti-Wa bureaucrats in check or requesting Wa’s military assistance. Also, it can be confirmed that he hired some people from Wa as Baekje’s officials for the military purposes. Mural paintings and clay dolls of the 4th-6th centuries suggest that wandering the Western regions musicians visited Goguryeo and Silla at that time. They performed the entertainment and dance music. By introducing the foreign culture, the western regions people not only contributed to the cultural development of the three kingdoms but also played a part in the development of ancient culture’s international and universal character.