부패 수준과 해외 송금의 상관성 연구
Study on the Correlation between Corruption Level and Remittances
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초록
154개국을 대상으로 횡단면 자료(1996～2010년)를 이용하여 부패 수준이 해외근로자 송금 유입에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 두 가지 자료원에서 추출한 부패지수를 이용하여 분석한 결과, 부패 수준이 증가할수록 해외 근로자 송금은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 송금 유입에 영향을 미치는 여러 가지 요인 중에서 부패수준이 고려되어야 함을 실증적으로 보여주는 결과이다. 이는 부패 수준이 높은국가에서 해외 이주 근로자 수가 많으며 해외 근로자의 국내 송금은 이타적 동기의 성격이 강함을 방증해준다. 소득 수준과 금융시장 발전 정도는 해외 근로자 송금과 양(+)의 상관관계가 있으며, 송금 유입국의 실질 경제성장률이 높을수록 그리고 실업률 수준이 낮을수록 송금 유입 규모는 증가하는 것으로 분석되었다. 해외 근로자 송금 유입에 정책적 관심이 높은 개발도상국의 경우 해외 근로자 송금이 경제발전에 긍정적인 영향을 끼친다 하더라도 부패가 만연한 국가에서는 그영향이 제한될 수밖에 없다. 따라서 부패를 통제하고 감시하는 제도적 선행조건이 충족될 때 해외 근로자 송금의 경제적 효용이 극대화 될 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
The paper analysed an effect of the corruption level on the remittances by using 154 countries’ data from 1996 to 2010. By means of the corruption indices drawn from the two sources(CPI, Control of Corruption Index), we found out that the higher corruption level is, the more remittances of the emigrants are increasing. This result supports that the corruption level should be included in the consideration of the factors influencing into the remittances of the emigrants. These consequences demonstrate also that the remittances by so many emigrants in the developing countries are characterized by the altruistic motivation. Meanwhile the income level and the financial market development level are in a positive correlation with the remittances of the emigrants. And we analyse that the amount of the remittances is increasing to the higher real economic growth rate and lower unemployment rate of the recipient countries. For the developing countries which have a great policy concerns for the remittances, even though the inflow has a positive effect on the economic development, the substantial effect should be limited for the countries of high corruption. Therefore we suggest that, in order to maximize the economic utility of the inflow of remittances, it needs institutional conditions precedent to control and to monitor the corruption.
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