아시아 국가의 노동 이동에 따른 본국 송금이 빈곤에 미치는 영향 분석
An Empirical Study of the Effects of International Remittance on the Poverty in Asian Countries
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본 연구는 아시아 국가들에서 노동 이동을 통한 해외송금유입이 빈곤에 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대한 실증분석 연구이다. 빈곤수준을 나타내는 지표들인 빈곤지수 데이터를 구할 수 있는 20개국에 대해 1990년부터 2013년까지의 자료를 이용하여 빈곤수준의 현황을 분석하고 송금유입률 및 세계화 지표들과 빈곤수준 사이의 관계를 패널 회귀분석하였다. 그 결과, 첫째, 해외송금유입은 전체적으로 빈곤률을 감소시키는 방향으로 영향을 미친다는 결과를 발견하였다. 둘째, 송금의 효과는 송금률 수준과는 비선형적 관계를 가지며 구체적으로는 송금률이 높을수록 빈곤개선효과가 더 커지고 있음을 볼 수 있었다. 셋째, 금융, 사회, 정치 등 3가지 측면에서의 세계화 지표들을 포함하여 분석한 결과 정치적 세계화가 잘 된 국가들에서 송금의 빈곤개선효과가 더 크다는 것을 발견하였다. 이러한 결과는 노동 이동 혹은 이민 정책 수행에 시사점을 줄 수 있다. 저소득 국가의 경우 해외로의 노동이동을 촉진시켜 해외송금유입을 높일 필요가 있다. 특히 해외송금비용 감소를 통해 송금을 더 쉽게 할 수 있도록 하는 것 등의 정책이 빈곤 감소에 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
This study is an empirical analysis of how the inflow of foreign remittance due to the labor movement affected poverty in Asian countries. For 20 countries where data on the poverty index were available, the current status of poverty levels was analyzed using data from 1990 to 2013, and panel regression was performed on the relationship between money transfer and poverty levels. As the result, firstly, we found that the inflow of overseas remittances had the positive effects in the direction of reducing poverty, as a whole. Second, we found that the poverty reduction effect was greater in countries with higher transfer rates. In addition, estimation of nonlinear model showed that the higher the transfer rate, the greater the improvement of poverty. Third, the effects of remittances on poverty improvement were greater in countries with political globalization. From the results, it seems better for low income countries, to increase the inflow of remittances abroad by encouraging labor movement abroad. In particular, policies such as making remittances easier by reducing overseas remittance costs could help reduce poverty.
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