중국 인민대표대회 선거제도의 발전과정과 문제점

Abstract

According to the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China,, all power in the People’s Republic of China belongs to the people. The organs which the people exercise state power through are the National People’s Congress and the local people’s congresses at various levels. All of the people’s congresses are constituted through democratic election. They are responsible for the people and accept their supervision. China’s first Electoral Law was enacted in 1953. After the development of more than 60 years, electoral system of the people’s congress formed. Through several revisions of electoral law, it has made great progress in some respects. Such as, the universality of deputy, balance between rural and urban areas, the relationship of deputy and constituents, the electoral procedure. However, there are some existing problems. For example, electoral body’s week influence and supervision on deputy, insufficient understanding about candidates, not aggressive constituents, etc. Above problems are based on these reasons. The Constitution on the provisions of the ruling party is not perfect, and the implementation of elite democracy and exercise of deputy authority are inadequate, and so on. China should properly solve the problems on electoral system. Expanding the power of deputies who are elected through direct election, perfecting the removal system, and strengthening containment on deputy might be considered.