데이터 기반 경제학 연구의 현황과 과제
Current Status and Challenges of Data-Based Research in Economics
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초록
증거기반 정책에 관한 관심과 이를 위해 행정데이터를 활용하려는 노력은 세계적인 흐름이며, 정부가 보유한 행정데이터를 연계하고 이를 활용하여 인과관계를규명하는 연구는 정책개발과 정책평가에 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있다. 한국에서도 증거기반 정책연구를 위한 행정데이터의 활용에 대한 논의는 과거부터 꾸준히진행되었지만, 성과는 아직 미흡한 수준이다. 본 연구는 행정데이터를 활용한 국내 연구의 가능성을 파악하고 향후 정부와 학계의 협력을 위한 토대를 마련할 목적으로 진행되었다. 이를 위해 경제학 분야 4대 대표 학술지에 게재된 논문 정보를 수집한 후 이를 활용하여 행정데이터를 활용한 해외 연구의 동향을 검토하였다. 다음으로는 한국경제학회 회원이 제출한 12편의 연구계획서를 토대로 국내행정데이터를 활용해서 수행할 수 있는 연구를 소개하고, 이에 필요한 행정데이터를 정리하였다. 본 연구는 정부가 증거기반 정책을 위한 행정데이터 공개 대상과 행정데이터 간 연계 작업의 우선순위를 결정하는 과정에서 유용하게 활용될수 있을 것이다. 아울러 본 연구를 통해 제안된 행정데이터에 대한 수요가 반영되고 접근성이 개선된다면, 정책의제를 개발하고 정책평가를 수행하는 국내 실증연구가 빠르게 확대될 것으로 기대한다.
Abstract
Interest in evidence-based policies and efforts to use administrative data for this purpose are global trends, and research that links administrative data held by the government and uses it to identify causal relationships plays an important role in policy development and evaluation. In Korea, discussions on the use of administrative data for evidence-based policy research have been steadily conducted in the past, but the results are still very limited. This study aims to identify the potential for domestic research using administrative data and lay the groundwork for future cooperation between the government and academia. To achieve this objective, we collected bibliographic information and JEL classification codes for articles published in four leading journals in the field of economics and used them to examine trends in overseas research using administrative data. Furthermore, based on 12 research plans submitted by members of the Korean Economic Association, we introduced research that can be conducted using domestic administrative data and summarized the administrative data required for such research. This study will be useful for the government in prioritizing the targets of administrative data disclosure for evidence-based policies and in determining the priority of linkage between various administrative data. Additionally, if the demand for administrative data proposed in this study is reflected and accessibility is improved, it is expected that empirical research on policy agenda development and policy evaluation will rapidly expand in South Korea.
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