냉전기 국제정치이론의 발전: 록펠러 컨퍼런스(Rockefeller Conference)를 중심으로
The Development of International Relations Theory in the Cold War Era
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본 논문의 목적은 냉전기 국제정치학의 성립과 발전과정에서 중요한 계기를 제공했던 1954년 록펠러 컨퍼런스의 배경과 과정, 그리고 그 함의를 살펴보는 것이다. 일반적으로 국제정치학은 학문 내부의 이론적 논쟁을 거쳐 발전해온 것으로 여겨지지만, 냉전이라는 국제정세의 변화와 맞물려 정부의 외교정책을 전략적으로 수립할 수 있는 이론적 자원의 요청에 의해 본격적인 발전이 이루어졌다. 이러한 발전 과정에는 정부의 요구와 학계를 매개하는 록펠러 재단의 개입이 중요한 기여를 했으며, 이를 재단이 미국의 국익에 개입해왔던 오랜 역사의 맥락에서 이해할 필요가 있다. 록펠러 컨퍼런스는 재단의 전폭적인 지원 아래 현실주의를 중심으로 하는 국제정치학을 확립할 수 있는 출발점을 제공했다. 이는 국제적 현실에 대한 대중의 냉전적 인식이 시작되는 지점이기도 했으며, 지식-기업-현상의 네트워크가 작동한다는 것을 보여주는 중요한 사례이기도 하다.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine the background, process, and implications of the 1954 Rockefeller Conference, which provided an important opportunity in the formation and development of international politics in Cold War era. In general, international politics is believed to have developed through theoretical debates within the discipline. But International politics has been fully developed by the request of theoretical resources to establish the government's foreign policy strategy in accordance with the changes in the international situation of the Cold War. The Rockefeller Foundation's intervention in linking government demands and academia has made an important contribution to this development and needs to be understood in the context of the long history that the Foundation has intervened in the US national interest. The Rockefeller Conference provided a starting point for establishing international politics centered on realism under the full support of the Foundation. This is also the point where the public's Cold War awareness of international reality begins, and it is also an important example of the network of knowledge- business-phenomenon.
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