국제와 제국: 국제질서의 변동과 제국담론의 발전
International or Imperial?: The Change of International Order and the Development of ‘Empire’ Theory since the World War Ⅱ
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이 논문은 다음과 같은 점들을 새롭게 조망함으로써 최근 국제정치학계에서 활발하게 논의되고 있는 제국론에 기여하고자 한다. 첫째, ‘제국’은 911사건 이후에 등장한 국제정치학계의 화두가 아니라 이미 2차대전 직후부터 발전했던 이론적 화두였다. 둘째, 미국과 소련은 ‘제국’으로서 제국주의를 부분적으로 계승하였지만, 각각 유럽제국주의와 러시아제국주의를 부정한 반제적 제국이었다. 셋째, 제국(帝國)론은 다극적 국제질서, 양극적 국제질서, 일초-다극적 국제질서, 그리고 911이후 새롭게 다가오고 있는 국제질서 등 2차 세계대전이후 국제질서의 변동과 밀접한 관련을 맺으면서 발전해왔다.
Abstract
This paper aims to contribute to the recent academic discourse on ‘Empire’ by making three interrelated arguments. First, as a key academic concept in international relations, ‘Empire’ emerged long before the 9․11 incident. In fact, it first acquired a wide currency during the immediate aftermath of the Second World War. Second, the United States and the Soviet Union, qua imperium, shared some critical features with the imperialist practices of the previous generation; and yet, they also claimed to be anti-imperialist empires, which stood in self-conscious opposition to the classical imperialism of Victorian Europe and Imperial Russia. Third, the development of ‘empire’ theory closely reflects the changes in international order since the end of the Second World War, which have run from multipolar international order, bipolar international order, uni-bipolar international order, to the post-9․11 international order that is presently forming.
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