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통치성의 관점에서 본 관방학에 대한 새로운 이해: 푸코의 주장을 중심으로

Cameralism From the Perspective of Governmentality: Foucaultian Interpretation

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정부학연구소 (Institute of Governmental Studies)|2009.12|정부학연구 (Journal of Governmental Studies(JGS))|제15권 제3호|pp. 29-56

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키워드

GovernmentMichel Foucault통치성통치Governmentality관방학미셀 푸코Cameralism
주제분류행정학

초록

지금까지 관방학은 행정학 연구에서 오랫동안 잊혔던 주제이다. 그러나 본 논문은 Foucault 가 70년대 후반에 한 강의를 중심으로 관방학의 역사적, 학문적 위상을 새롭게 하려는 목적에서 시도되었다. Foucault는 16세기 후반에 오면서 통치(government)가 자율적이고 독자적 개념으로 등장한다는 점을 분명히 하고 있다. 통치성이란 통치를 인식하는 방식으로 역사적으로 변천을 거듭하는데, 관방학은 국가이성에 바탕한 17-18세기의 통치성을 학문적으로 체계화한 것이다. 19세기 개인의 자유를 활용하는 자유주의적 통치성의 시대가 오면서 관방학은 급속히 쇠퇴하지만 그 영향은 20세기의 복지국가의 이상에서 되살아나게 된다. 이러한 논의를 통하여 우리는 관방학이 단지 역사적 유물이 아니라 현재의 행정과도 밀접한 관련을 갖고 있음을 알 수 있다.

Abstract

Cameralism has long been a neglected subject in public administration literature. This article attempts to reinterpret cameralism by employing the concepts of government and governmentality developed by Michel Foucault. By combining with an idea of reason of state, cameralism could be regarded as a pioneering academic endeavor that for first time in history conceived government as an autonomous and independent activities, divorced from divine order and monarchical sovereignty. Especially, cameralism attempted to integrate pastoral power developed in Christian religion and secular, monarchical power, producing as an ideal of government caring for "each and all". Seen from a governmentality perspective, cameralsim is not a foregone subject, but the one full of insight and theocratical lessons, particularly in the field of public administration.

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