서양 근대 행정개념의 기원에 대한 계보학적 연구: 아렌트, 푸코, 아감벤을 중심으로
Genealogical Study on the Concept of Administration: ocusing on Hannah Arendt, Michel Foucault, and Giorgio Agamben
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초록
본 논문은 아렌트, 푸코, 그리고 아감벤의 저작들 속에서 행정 개념의 계보학적 연원을 추적하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 막스 베버에 따르면 근대적 행정은 사람들이 신화, 종교, 전통에서 삶의 의미를 찾았던 시대와의 단절의 결과로 나타난 것이다. 그러나 아렌트, 푸코, 아감벤 모두 이와 같은 설명을 거부한다. 그들의 강조점이 어디에 놓이던 간에 현대의 행정은 비록 개념적인 것이지만 과거 전통의 유산인 것이다. 즉, 아렌트에게 현대의 행정은 고대 그리스에서의 가정에 대한 관리의 현대적 변용인 것이고, 푸코에게 행정은 중세의 사목권력이 세속 권력과 결합하면서 등장하는 것이다. 아감벤에게 현대 행정의 의미는 서양의철학과 기독교를 괴롭혔던 본질과 행동, 선험성과 내재성의 필연적인 충돌을 극복하려는시도에 뿌리를 둔 것으로, 군림하지만 통치하지 않는 절대자(신 또는 주권자)의 위상을 유지시키면서 현실의 무질서를 극복하려는 시도에서 나오는 것이다. 결국 우리는 이와 같은논의를 통해서 행정 개념에 내재하는 특정한 목적이나 가치를 파악할 수 있고 이를 무시하는 행정에 대한 연구는 태생적 한계를 지닐 수밖에 없는 것을 알 수 있다.
Abstract
This is a study that attempts to bring to light the genealogicaldevelopment of the concept of administration, defined as a management ofmaterial resources and personnel with an aim of attaining governmentalobjectives, by considering the works of Hannah Arend, Michel Foucault,and Giorgio Agamben. As opposed to Max Weber's claim that modernpublic administration began with the interruption of religious faith andmagical thinking, those thinkers make clear that the concept ofadministration is not the product of modernization, but has a root in moreremote past. Thus, Hannah Arendt saw the advent of modern administrationas a result of the scandalous expansion of household management intopublic space, while Michel Foucault stressed the demonic combination ofcity game and pastoral game as a genealogical origin of modern biopolitics. Giorgio Agamben is the most innovative, as he traced the ontologicalorigins of the concept of administration deep into the foundation ofChristianity as a world religion. According to him, the Trinitarian Doctrineshould be seen as holding the key to the mystery of empty throne as well asreigning, but not-governing king, therefore providing the ontologicaljustification of the concept of administration. In conclusion, this studyargues that the concept of administration is not a value-free, neutralconcept, but contains within itself certain ontological meanings and valuesthat have made public administration in its current form and concent.
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