정부의 재정정책이 비영리부문의 성장에 미치는 영향: 사회기원이론에 따른 국가별 패널분석
The Impact of Government Fiscal Policy on Nonprofit Growth: A Cross-County Panel Study Testing the Social Origins Theory
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본 연구의 목적은 정부의 재정정책이 비영리부문의 성장에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 데 있다. 이는 정부의 재정정책이 비영리부문의 중요한 재원인 기부와 사회복지지출에 직접적인 영향을 미치기 때문이다. 데이터는 30개 OECD 국가에서 1990년부터 2010년까지 총 499개 불균형패널데이터를 사용하여 실증분석을 실시하였다. 패널분석 결과 전반적으로 총 세수의 증가가 비영리부문 성장에 대해 부정적 효과를 갖는 반면 사회복지지출규모 증가는 긍정적 효과를 갖는 것으로 나타나 비영리부문의 성장요인에 대한 일관성 있는 이론을 발견하지 못했다. 이는 정부와 비영리부문의 관계가 국가유형에 따라 복잡하게 나타나고 있음을 나타내며, 기존의 정부실패이론이나 상호의존이론 보다는 사회기원이론이 비영리부문의 성장요인에 대한 보다 근거 있는 설명을 제공함을 암시한다.
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of government fiscal policies on the growth of the nonprofit sector across the world. We hypothesize that a government's fiscal policy affects the growth of the nonprofit sector, as it shapes the size of the government's social spending and private philanthropy. To test this hypothesis, we created a 499-point unbalanced panel dataset from 30 OECD countries during a 21-year period, 1990-2010. The results show that overall nonprofit growth is inversely related to an increase in tax revenues, but is positively related to government social spending. The relationship between government fiscal policy and the size of the nonprofit sector was more complex across countries selected in this study. These contradictory results suggest that neither government failure nor interdependence theory provides a uniform relationship between a government and the nonprofit sector. Instead, the social origins theory may provide a more plausible explanation about nonprofit growth across countries.
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