복지국가의 복지지출과 경제성장 간 균형
The Balance between Welfare Expenditure and Economic Growth in Welfare State
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본 연구의 목적은 경제성장과 정부의 복지지출이 상호 긍정적 영향관계가 있는지를 복지국가의유형별로 분석하는 것이다. 정부의 복지에 대한 과도한 지출 및 투자는 경제성장에 부정적이고,경제성장은 복지지출의 증가를 담보할 수 없다는 우려가 크다. 정부의 복지지출과 경제성장 간의관계는 장·단기적인 시기, 상호영향력, 인과성 등에 따라 균형을 이룰 수도 있지만 그렇지 않을수 있다. 이러한 학문적 호기심에 따라 본 연구는 18개 OECD 국가에서 정부의 복지지출과 경제성장 간상호영향력을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 단위근 검정(Unit Root Test), 인과성 검정(Granger Causality Test), 공적분 검정(Co-integration Analysis), 벡터자기회귀모형(VAR), 벡터오차수정모형(VECM)을활용한 분석을 하고 복지국가유형별로 결과를 제시하였다. 연구결과는 대부분의 OECD 국가에서 경제성장이 정부의 복지지출에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는가운데, 정부의 복지지출 증가 또한 경제성장에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 복지국가유형별로는 사민주의 복지국가가 다른 유형보다 장기적 균형관계를 보이면서, 정부의 복지지출과경제성장은 각 부문이 1% 성장할 때 타 부문의 1~3% 정도 양(+)의 영향을 미치면서 장기적균형관계를 유지해온 것으로 밝혀졌다. 따라서 우리나라도 경제성장과 정부의 복지지출이 선순환작용을 일으키도록 두 부문 간 장기균형을 이루는 국가적 정책마련이 요구된다.
Abstract
This paper tries to examines whether welfare expenditure has a negative impact on economic growth in Welfare State, or vice versa. By employing Vector Autoregressive Model, Vector Error-Correction Model, and Co-integration Analysis, the long-term and short-term balance between Social Welfare Expenditure and GDP growth in the Three Welfare Regime States (18OECD countries) from 1980 to 2011 are empirically examined. It is mainly found that there is a long-term balance between them. Increase in each factor www.kipa.re.kr 179has a positive effect on the another factor. An 1% increase in welfare expenditure have an 1~3% rise in economic growth, and vice versa. The paper has evidence that, irrespective of welfare regime type, governmental efforts to increase welfare expenditure will not hamper national economic growth. Thus, Korean government needs to prepare for a long-term plan to make an equilibrium between welfare spendings and economic growth. Key
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