아리스토텔레스의 언어와 정치:『수사술』을 중심으로
Language and Politics in Aristotle: -Focusing on Interpreting On Rhetoric-
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초록
수사술은 말을 사용하는 동물의 정치적 위상을 고양시키는 데 있어서 중요한 역할을 한다. 아리스토텔레스는 조작적 또는 상투적 언어로서 ‘수사술’이란 일반적인 사용을 극복함으로써 정치적 실천의 기초를 마련하였다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 아리스토텔레스의 수사적 정치와 그 현대적 함의를 도출하고자 『수사술』을 분석하였다. 첫째, 수사술 논쟁의 정치존재론적 함의를 제시하였다. 아리스토파네스와 플라톤의 비판에도 불구하고 정치적 삶에서 수사술의 필요성을 간접적으로 강조하였다. 둘째, 에토스. 파토스, 그리고 로고스 사이의 관계를 중심으로 감정의 인지적 신념뿐만 아니라 진정한 로고스의 수용가능성에 대한 인식론적 입장을 부각시켰다. 셋째, 공공연설의 윤리적 정향을 고찰하되 공적인 것과 사적인 것의 정당한 공존을 강조하였다. 넷째, 정치적 심의와 정치적 판단은 어떠한 특성을 지니는가를 밝혔다. 이러한 분석결과, 오늘날 정치와 연어의 연계성에 대한 이론적 세련화 유형은 『수사술』에 많은 도움을 받고 있다. 특히, 이 저서는 오늘날에도 수사술적 정치를 이해하고 실현하는 데 중요한 통찰력을 제공하고 있다.
Abstract
The rhetoric contributes to improving the political status of the political animal as zoon logon echon. As Aristotle had contributed to negate the negative image of the rhetoric as the operative speaking, On Rhetoric provided the basis of realizing rhetorical politics in the public sphere. As a part of efforts to illuminate its contemporary meanings, this paper emphasizes the following four points. First, the debate over the rhetoric has politico -ontological meanings, as regards the critique against Aristophanes and Plato, because the rhetoric really contributes toward activating the political life. Second, we can consider the importance of epistemic attitudes concerned with ethos, pathos, and logos in public speaking. Third, we can elucidate the justified coexistence between the public and the private in political life from the perspective of the ethical orientation of public speaking. Fourth, Aristotle gives us the basis to understand the characteristic of political deliberation and judgment. According to this interpretation, On Rhetoric provides various data for the theoretical articulation on the relations between language and politics. Especially, this book offers insights which contribute to understanding and realizing the rhetorical politics in our times.
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