Sine ira et studio or Recognition: 악셀 호네트의 인정이론을 중심으로 한 막스 베버의 관료 윤리론에 대한 비판적 연구
Sine ira et studio or Recognition: Axel Honneth's Theory of Recognition as a Critique of Max Weber's Bureaucratic Ethics
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막스 베버는 sine ira et studio(노여움과 열정이 없는)의 자세로 관료가 업무를 수행해야 한다고 말한다. 본 연구는 이와 같은 베버의 관료 윤리에 대한 주장을 독일의 사회학자인 악셀 호네트의 인정이론과 물화이론의 도움을 받아 비판적으로 고찰하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 호네트의 이론에 따르면 관료는 조직 내부에서만이 아니라 대 국민과의 관계에서도 자신의 상대방을 구체적이고 유일한 존재로서 인정해야 한다. 모든 사람들을 그들의 특수성에 입각하여 인정한다는 것은 그들이 보편적 인권을 지니고 있으면서 평등한 대접을 받아야 하는 것이 전제 되어 있다. 이렇게 관료 윤리를 보게 되면 관료는 자신의 업무 영역과 성격에 따라서, 달리 말하면 행정 대상이 되는 국민을 구체적이며 특수한 개인으로 보는 지 아니면 보편적 권리 주체로 보는 지에 따라, 적극적 관여를 할 수도, 중립적 관찰자의 역할도 할 수 있게 되는 것이다. 결국 우리가 추구해야 하는 관료윤리는 베버가 말하는 중립적, 비인격적 관리자의 역할과 호네트가 말하는 공감할 줄 아는 배려자의 역할이 조화를 이루는 것이 되어야 한다.
Abstract
Max Weber argued that public officials should execute their duties in a state of sine ira et studio, which means that the central tenet of bureaucratic ethics consists of emotional neutrality, reasoned decision, and impersonality. This study aims at refuting Weber's theory of bureaucratic ethics by drawing on Axel Honneth's insistence on the priority of recognition in the formation of ethically meaningful human relations. A careful examination of Honneth's theories of recognition and reification reveals that Weber's arguments concerning bureaucratic ethics are based on the problematic ontological and epistemological assumptions, which lead to the one-sided emphasis on the formal and universal nature of bureaucratic ethics, at the expense of emphatic engagement and emotional involvement that are the ontological foundation of ethics itself. Specifically, this study argues that depending on the particular sphere where recognition occurs public official would have an ethical obligation that goes beyond the confine of sine ira et studio.
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