근대성과 행정 윤리: Zygmunt Bauman의 윤리학에 대한 재검토
Modernity and Administrative Ethics: Reappraisal of Zygmunt Bauman's Ethics
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본 연구는 현대 사회에서 행정윤리의 가능성, 조건, 장애요인 등을 지그문트 바우만의 홀로코스트와 포스트모던 윤리 연구를 중심으로 탐색해보려는 시도이다. 또한 바우만의 윤리와 관련된 주장을 한나 아렌트와 미셀 푸코의 그것과 비교하여 시사점과 문제점을 명확히 하는 것도 논문의 목적의 하나이다. 바우만은 근대성에 기초한 윤리관은 보편적 이성의 작용으로 만들어진 코드화된 규정을 중심으로 개인의 도덕성을 판단한다고 말하다. 그것의 결과는 홀로코스트로 나타났으며 그 안에서 평범한 관료에 의한 행정적 악이 자행되었던 것이다. 바우만은 진정한 개인의 도덕성은 타인의 얼굴을 보면서 생기는 자연적인 도덕적 충동에 기초한 것이지만 관료제의 구조와 업무수행방식이 이를 가로막으면서 도덕적 파국이 시작된다고 본다. 반면에 아렌트는 홀로코스트의 진단에서는 바우만과 유사한 주장을 하지만 윤리의 기초를 개인 사이의 관계가 아닌 개인의 내면에서의 대화에 두고 있는 점에서 차이가 있다. 푸코는 한 단계 더 나아가 자유의 실천과 저항을 윤리의 핵심으로 보고 있다. 이상과 같은 논의를 통해 관료 윤리의 진정한 탐색은 코드화된 규정과 규칙을 초월하는 곳에서 인간성의 다차원적 측면을 고려하면서 이루어져야 함을 알 수 있다.
Abstract
This is the study that attempts to explore the possibilities, conditions, and obstacles of administrative ethics in modern society by focusing on Zygmunt Bauman's research on postmodern Holocaust. Another objective of the study is to make clear the lessons and implications of Bauman's research by comparing it with those of Hannah Arendt and Michel Foucault. Bauman argues that modern ethics resides in nothing other than the coded regulations and procedures, which are in turn made by the activities of reason. Such a concept of ethics is easily combined with the operation of modern bureaucracy, which is the condition of possibility that finally results in the birth of bureaucratic personality as typified by Adlof Eichmann. In contrast, Bauman suggests the Levinasian theory of ethics that emphasizes the direct contact with the face of others as the corrective of modern ethics. In the latter part of the study, ethical theories of Arendt and Foucault are presented with an aim of supplementing Bauman's argument, largely because it seems to make light of other significant aspects of ethical formation of individuals, thinking and resistance. In conclusion, I suggested what consists of an ethical public administrator in each scholar, respectively.
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