『고려사』 소재 외교문서에 나타난 중국 국가 직접 呼稱語와 고려 自稱語의 유형과 대립 양상

Abstract

This study trys to figure out the types of national address terms and the aspect of the conflict between the types in 204 diplomatic documents in Goryeo History which Goryeo dynasty send to Chinese dynasty. National address terms fall into calling Chinese dynasty and calling Goryeo dynasty oneself, and the former is address terms and the latter is self-address terms. The national address terms is divided a direct address terms which don’t have a figurative expression and a indirect address terms which have a figurative expression once again. This study sets a limit on a direct address terms. The direct address terms are composed of ‘modifier+modificand’, and the typical modificand of the address terms is ‘朝’ and ‘國’, and the typical modifier of that is ‘上’ and ‘大’. The typical address terms combined the modifier and modificand is ‘上朝’, ‘上國’, ‘大朝’ and ‘大國’. In addition to the typical address terms, there is another type of address terms using different modificand such as ‘大宋’, ‘大邦’ and ‘上都’. The direct self-address terms also are composed of ‘modifier+ modificand’, and the typical modificand of the self-address terms is ‘國’ and ‘邦’, and the typical modifier of that is ‘小’. The typical address terms combined the modifier and modificand is ‘小國’ and ‘小邦’. In addition to the typical self-address terms, there are lots of self-address terms which have low frequency of use such as ‘本國’, ‘我國’, ‘當國’, ‘擧國’, ‘闔國’, ‘周邦’. The direct address terms and direct self-address terms are fall into two category, one is to have a function of just calling a nation without emotional nuance using emotive meaning, and the another one is to have a function including emotional nuance shch as respect opposite nation and express humbleness of its own country. The former is a neutral expression and the latter is a rhetorical expression. The direct address terms and direct self-address terms show a aspect of conflict between the neutral expression and the rhetorical expression. This aspect of conflict depend on using modifier which has emotional nuance, or not. In addition, the rhetorical expression also have a aspect of conflict between direct address terms and direct self-address terms such as <上-下>, <大-小>, <皇-侯/屬>, <國-家> and <都-邑>. This aspect of conflict is understood that it is extended application on confucian order of rank such as a grade of rank between father and son.