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취약국 및 분쟁지역 원조의 양태와 의미

Foreign aid to fragile and conflict-affected states : Key characteristics and implications

김지영|이지선
사회과학연구소 (Institute of Social Sciences SOGANG UNIVERSITY)|2018.08|사회과학연구 (Journal of Social Science)|제44권 제2호|pp. 223-247|DOI 10.15820/khjss.2018.44.2.010

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키워드

Conflict해외원조분쟁공적개발원조Official Development AssistanceForeign aidUN SDGs유엔 SDGs취약국Fragile and Conflict-affected States
주제분류사회과학일반

초록

본 논문은 국제비교(cross-national) 분석 방식을 사용하여 취약국 및 분쟁지역(fragile and conflict-affected states or situations, FCSs)에 지원되는 공적개발원조의 양태 및 이론적, 정책적 의미를 제시하고 있다. 유엔의 MDGs를 계승하며 2016년에 출발한 유엔 SDGs 시대는 보다 포괄적이고 거시적인 차원에서 발전에 접근하였고, 그의 일환으로 평화와 정의, 그리고 강력한 제도가 SDGs의 목표(목표 16)에 포함되었다. 본 연구에서는 취약국 및 분쟁지역 문제에 대해 보다 더 적극적인 개입이 필요하다는 오늘날의 국제사회의 합의에 실제 여러 공여기관들이 어떻게 대응하고 있는지 살펴보았으며 특히 취약국 및 분쟁지역에 대한 통계자료 분석을 통해 최근 공여기관들이 이들 국가 및 지역에 지급한 원조의 양태와 특징이 무엇인지를 밝혔다. 분석 결과 취약국 및 분쟁지역의 분쟁예방 및 경제성장 회복을 위한 국제사회의 즉각적이고 지속적인 해외지원은 2000년대 이후 상대적으로 줄어들고 있으며 대폭적인 지원은 몇몇 국가들에 한정되어 있다. 그리고 원조는 주로 분쟁 종료 후, 특히 많은 희생자가 발생하고 나서야 본격적으로, 그리고 대규모로 지원되는 경향이 있다. 또한 취약․분쟁국들의 국가총소득 중 공적개발원조에 의존하는 비율은 점차 늘어나는 추세이며, 이는 다른 개발도상국들에게 있어 원조의 상대적 의미가 줄어드는 반면 취약․분쟁국들의 원조 의존도는 높아지고 있음을 의미한다.

Abstract

This study presents key patterns and implications of foreign aid to fragile and conflict-affected states(FCSs) by adopting a method of cross-national data analysis. In this study we examined how donors have responded to international regime that supports more active intervention to the problem of fragile and conflict-affected states. Key findings include as follows: Since after the 2000s, the amount of international aid to FCSs has decreased and only the selected few from the list of FCSs have received a significant amount of aid. Also it tends to be the case that it was only after the rise of a large number of casualties that a significant level of aid began to flow in. In addition, the rate of ODA/GNI in many FCSs has increased over time implying that aid dependence of FCSs has worsened while the importance of ODA in many other developing countries has actually decreased.

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