평화유지군 임무지역의 민간인 보호 실패 결정요인
Explaining the causes of failure to protect civilians in peacekeeping forces mission
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본 논문은 유엔평화유지군 파병국과 이들이 임무를 수행하는 분쟁국의 국가별 특성을 통해 평화유지군의 민간인 보호 임무가 실패하는 결정요인을 분석하고 있다. 평화유지군의 주요 임무는 분쟁과 내전이 끝난 국가에 파병되어 평화유지 및 구축 활동을 통해 민간인을 보호하는 것이다. 그러나 임무별 정도의 차이를 가지기는 하지만 평화유지군 파병지에서 민간인 사망자는 계속해서 발생하고 있다. 본 논문은 국가 특성, 특히 파병국 부대 구성의 특성이 평화유지군의 민간인 보호 임무 성패에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 밝히고자 한다. 국가는 자국 국민의 생명과 재산을 지켜줄 의무가 있음에도 분쟁국의 국방력은 자국의 민간인 사망자를 감소시키는데 영향을 주지 못했다. 반면, 파병국의 특성이라 할 수 있는 내전 경험, 평화협정체결을 통해 이뤄진 반군과 정부군 사이의 군사통합은 민간인 사망자 증가에 중요한 원인으로 작용하였다. 본 논문의 분석 결과는 분쟁으로 와해된 국가에서 민간인 보호를 위해서는 외부 세력 즉, 평화유지군의 역할이 중요하다는 사실을 보여준다. 이와 더불어 평화유지군을 선발하고 파병하는데 있어 보다 엄격한 기준의 마련이 필요함을 시사하고 있다.
Abstract
This paper explores the causes of the failure of the UN peacekeepers in their mission to protect civilians through characteristics of the country. Although the main task of peacekeepers is to protect civilians, civilian fatalities continue to occur in peacekeeping mission. This paper intends to clarify that the analysis of charateristics of country, especially the composition of troops in the dispatched countries, can affect the success of civilian protection missions in peacekeepers. Although the state has a duty to protect the lives and property of its people, the defense power of the disputant countries has not impact the reduction of civilian fatalities. On the other hand, the civil war experience, which is the characteristic of the dispatched country, and the military integration between the rebels and government forces through the signing of a peace treaty were important causes of the increase in civilian fatality. The result of this study show that the role of external influence( peacekeepers forces), is important for the protection of civilians in countries ravaged by conflict. In addition, it suggests the need for more stringent standards in selecting and dispatching peacekeepers.
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