평화유지군 성범죄의 결정요인분석
Explaining the causes of sexual exploitation and abuse by United Nations peacekeepers
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본 논문은 유엔평화유지군 파병국의 국가별 특성을 통해 평화유지군에 의해 자행되는 성범죄의 결정요인을 분석한다. 최근 불거진 평화유지군의 성범죄 문제는 유엔평화유지활동의 명예와 신뢰에 크나큰 상처를 입혔다. 본 논문은 파병 국가별 분석을 통해 평화유지부대의 구성과 특징이 성범죄 발생에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 밝히고자 한다. 여성의 파병 증가가 평화유지군에 의한 성범죄를 감소시킬 것이라는 기존의 주장과는 달리 여성 파병비율이 성범죄 감소에 아무런 영향을 미치지 않고 있음을 확인하였다. 반면, 파병국의 내전 경험, 즉 내전 종식을 위한 평화협정체결을 통해 이뤄진 반군과 정부군 사이의 군사통합이 성범죄 발생의 주요 원인임을 발견하였다. 본 논문의 분석 결과는 유엔의 평화유지군 성범죄 감소를 위한 노력에서 여성의 파병 증가와 성범죄 예방교육만이 중요한 요소가 아님을 보여준다. 이와 더불어 평화유지군의 선발과 파병에 있어 유엔 차원의 보다 적극적인 개입이 필요함을 시사하고 있다.
Abstract
This paper explores the causes of sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) by United Nations peacekeepers. In so doing, this article suggests that characteristics of the dispatching country significantly influence the likelihood of sexual abuse during peace operations. Specifically, we find that 1) the increase of female peacekeepers does not reduce the risk of sexual abuse by peacekeepers; and 2) military integration between the government and former rebels in the dispatching country, which was often the result of peace agreement after the end of civil war, had a greater impact on the occurrence of sexual abuse. The results of this study show that the increase of female peacekeepers has only a limited impact on the reduction of sexual violence. It suggests that more active involvement of the United Nations in the selection of dispatching countries is required to reduce and prevent sexual violence by peacekeepers.
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