코트디부아르 내전 종식과 유엔 PKO의 역할: UNOCI의 평화강제를 중심으로
Enforcing Peace in Cote d’Ivoire: The Role of UN Peacekeeping (UNOCI) in Conflict Resolution
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코트디부아르 위기에 대한 UNOCI의 대응은 유엔평화유지활동(PKO)에 의한 무력사용이 분쟁 해결을 위해 효과적으로 수행되었던 사례이다. 본고에서는 코트디부아르 내전의 전개와 유엔의 개입 과정을 살펴보고, 분쟁과 갈등이 최고조에 달했던 2010년 후반 대선 이후부터 2011년 초 무력개입에 이르는 기간 동안 유엔 PKO의 평화강제가 분쟁 해결에 어떻게 직접적으로 기여하였는지 군사적 측면과 정치적 측면에서 분석을 시도한다. 이를 통해 유엔 PKO가 구조적 한계에도 불구하고 군사적 역량 확충과 국제-지역차원의 정치적 관여를 통해 아프리카 분쟁에 정당성 있는 중재자로서 뿐 아니라 분쟁 해결의 당사자로서 효율적으로 활용될 수 있음을 논증한다.
Abstract
UNOCI's response to the Cote d'Ivoire crisis is an example of the effective use of force by UN Peacekeeping Operation (PKO) to resolve conflict. In this paper, I examine the development of the civil war in Cote d'Ivoire and the process of UN intervention and attempt to analyze how the UN PKO's Peace Enforcement directly contributed to the resolution of the conflict from the presidential election in late 2010 to early 2011. Based on the analysis, I argue that, through enhancing military capability and regional political involvement, the UN PKO can be used efficiently as a legitimate mediator in African conflicts, as well as a party to dispute settlement as a peace enforcer, despite its structural limitations.
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