한국 청소년의 시민적 참여와 관련 변인 탐색: 종단연구
A longitudinal study of Korean youths’ civic engagement and its correlates
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초록
한국교육개발원에서 수집한 KELS2013패널 자료 중 3차(중1)에서 8차(고3)까지의 자료(6회)를 사용하여 청소년의 시민적 참여 변화 양상을 살펴보았다. 3차년도 참여 학생 중 남학생은 3,623명(49.5%)이고 여학생은 3,701명(50.5%)이었다. 6회 시점에 따른 시민적 참여 문항에 대한 척도동일성 가정이 만족됨을 확인한 후, 시민적 참여 문항의 평균을 사용하여 잠재 프로파일 분석결과, 의미 있는 하위그룹이 존재하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 전체 참여자를 대상으로 2수준 다층성장모형을 사용하여 시민적 참여에 영향을 미치는 시간에 따라 변화하는 다문화 수용성, 규칙준수, 친구와의 관계, 교사와의 관계, 부모와의 관계를 1수준 예측변수로 하고, 성별과 중1 시기의 학업성취도를 2수준 변수로 하여 ‘시민적 참여’ 요인과의 관계를 살펴보았다. 시민적 참여에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 변수는 다문화 수용성이었으며, 그 다음으로 규칙준수, 친구관계, 교사와의 관계, 부모와의 관계 변수로 나타나 이전의 관련변수를 사용한 국내 연구와 유사한 특성을 보였다. 이는 시민적 참여 문항 중 협력학습과 배려를 나타내는 문항과 교우관계의 개방성으로도 볼 수 있는 다문화 수용성을 이루는 문항과 유사한 점에 있다고 해석되었다. 또한 사회적 관계 변수 중, 청소년기는 성인에 비해 친구 관계가 더 높은 영향력을 미침을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 시민적 참여를 향상시키기 위하여 청소년 간의 상호교류활동을 할 수 있는 기회를 제공하는 것이 필요함을 시사한다. 더불어 COVID-19 이후 해당 변수들의 기여도 변화에 대한 추후 연구의 필요성이 제기된다.
Abstract
This study examined the changing patterns of youth's civic engagement over six waves (1st year of middle school to 3rd year of high school) using the KELS2013 panel collected by the Korea Educational Development Institute. The participants were 7324 students (3,623 males, 49.5%; 3,701 females, 50.5%). After validating metric invariance assumptions across six-time points, latent profile analysis using the mean of variables showed that no subgroups existed in the growth pattern. Then, two-level growth modeling analyses were conducted to investigate the relationships between civic engagement and such covariates as multicultural receptivity, observing school regulations and rules, relationships with friends, teachers, and parents as level 1 predictors, and gender and academic achievement as level 2 predictors. The variable that had the most significant impact on civic engagement was multicultural receptivity/acceptance, followed by observing school rules and regulations and relationships with friends, teachers, and parents. These results share similarities with existing studies using these covariates. The researcher believes the reason lies in the similarities between the civic engagement items, which express cooperative learning and consideration of others, and the multicultural receptivity/acceptance items. In addition, the high effect of relationships with friends on civic engagement among the social relationship variables meant that the influence of friends gradually became more prominent than those with adults, so it is necessary to provide opportunities for mutual exchange activities among youths to improve their civic engagement. In particular, it is important to examine through future research how the contribution of these variables has changed since the COVID-19 pandemic.
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