인도 국내 여성이주의 다양성 ― 구르가온 신도시 가사노동자의 이주유형을 중심으로 ―
Diversity of Internal Female Migration in India: A Study on the Migrant Patterns of Domestic Workers at Gurgaon, Neo-City
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인도의 국내이주에 대한 논의는 주로 남성의 장거리 노동이주, 여성의 단거리 노동이주와 결혼이주에 초점을 두어 왔다. 여성이 밖에서 임금노동을 한다거나 미혼여성이 결혼 전 고향을 벗어나서는 안 된다. 혹은 기혼인 여성 노동이주민은 항상 고향과의 관계를 유지해야 한다와 같은 식의 전통적인 여성관으로 인해서, 그동안 인도 국내 노동이주 논의에서 여성이주는 배제되거나 남성배우자에게 기댄 형태의 부차적인 현상으로만 다루어져 왔다. 남성중심의 국내 노동이주 문제는 1991년 인도의 경제개혁 이후 도시에서 여성의 고용증대와 함께 이주여성에 대한 기존의 시각적인 한계에 문제제기할 필요성이 제기된다. 본 연구에서는 90년대 이후 여성의 이주유형에는 어떠한 변화를 보이는지에 대해 살펴보고 있다. 아울러 여성의 다양한 이주유형에 대해서 미시적인 연구방법을 적용함으로써 그동안 거시적인 연구에서 간과되어 온 여성이주의 다양성에 주목하고 있다. 여성의 다양한 이주유형을 통해 현대 인도사회의 경제변화가 사회문화적인 변화에도 직접적인 영향을 미치고 있음을 보여준다는 데 본 연구의 의의가 있다.
Abstract
A study of Indian internal migration has focused by people mostly long-distance of male, short-distance labour and married migration of female. Traditional women ideology such as women have not allowed to work outside, unmarried women have not allowed to go outside from hometown, have affected to be understood that Indian female migration has excluded from internal labour migration studies as secondary phenomenon in north India. Androcentric internal migration issues, it has been grown out of social ideology, have been supposed about needing to change of view concerning of female labour migration studies with economic reform of India, 1991. This article is focused on the pattern of female migration since 1990's. For this work, here is to be chosen micro level studies instead of macro level studies. In diverse patterns of female migration, we will be understood that contemporary Indian social change is affected by economic change directly.
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