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인도 국내 여성 노동이주민의 이주지 적응에 관한 사례연구

A Case Study on Adaptation at Settlement of Internal Female Labor Migrant in India

이기연
한국여성연구원 (Korean Women's Institute, Ewha Womans University)|2012.06|여성학논집 (Women's Studies Review)|제29권 제1호|pp. 79-112|DOI 10.18341/wsr.2012.29.1.79

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참고문헌

키워드

이주민 정체성이주의 여성화인도 국내 여성이주이주지 적응여성이주의 역동성Indian Internal Female MigrationFeminization of MigrationAdaptation at SettlementMobility of Female MigrantMigrant Identity
주제분류여성학

초록

이 글은 인도 구르가온 신도시의 이주여성 가사노동자를 대상으로 한 인류학적인 연구를 통해 가사노동 부문 이주의 여성화와 관련해서 인도 국내 여성 노동이주민의 정체성 변화에 대해 살펴보고자 한다. 1990년대 이전까지 인도 국내이주 연구에서 연구대상은 남성이었다. 하지만 1991년 경제개혁 이후 인도의 도시 중산층 가정에서 여성 가사노동자의 수요가 늘면서 점차 이주의 주체는 여성으로 옮겨가기 시작한다. 이 과정에서 통제대상이던 많은 여성이 대도시로 이동하게 된다. 고용기회가 풍부한 구르가온 신도시로 이주한 여성은 새로운 도시환경에 적응해야 할 필요성에 직면한다. 글로벌한 도시환경과 외국인, 신중산층 고용주와의 관계 속에서 이주여성은 새로운 이주지 적응전략을 세우게 된다. 이와 관련해 이 글에서는 인도의 이주여성 가사노동자가 어떻게 신도시에 적응하게 되는가에 관해서 구체적인 사례를 통해 보여주고 있다. 여성의 지불 가사노동, 소비, 탈의례적인 행위, 이주지 네트워크, 근대적인 가치관 등은 구르가온 신도시 이주여성 가사노동자 내에서 매우 역동적인 정체성의 요소로 자리하고 있다. 이런 변화적인 측면과 함께 현대 남성중심의 인도 국내 노동이주 담론에 대한 시각적인 변화의 필요성이 강조된다.

Abstract

Based on fieldwork with a migrated female domestic worker of Gurgaon, neo-city in India, this article maps how the Indian internal female labor migrant changes her identity in concerning of feminization of migration in domestic labor sector. The days before 1990’s, major subjects are men on migrant studies in Indian. But after economic reform in 1991, these are changed from men to women slowly in according to grows up employing women at middle classes family in indian city. In a course, Indian women who are limited going outside, are moved to metropolitan. When they arrived at Gurgaon, neo-city where there are full of employment opportunity then they are faced to acculturate at new city environment. Face to face with global city environment, foreigners and new middle class employers, female migrant is planed new strategy at her migrated place. Based on case studies, this article maps how female migrant domestic worker is acculturated at neo-city. Paid female domestic work, consuming behavior, anti-ritual behavior, network at her new place, these contents mean anti-tradition in a Indian society, but it also mean more dynamic identity to migrated female domestic worker. These changeable aspect is to be needed stress for studying from male-centric labor migrant discussion to female migration.

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관련 논문AI추천

인도 국내 여성이주의 다양성 ― 구르가온 신도시 가사노동자의 이주유형을 중심으로 ―이기연아시아문화연구소 · 아시아문화연구2012 · 제26권 코로나19 경험이 인도 도시 이주노동자의 귀환과 재이주에 미치는 영향 ―포스트 코로나 시대의 이주 현안을 중심으로―이기연인문학연구원 · 가족과 커뮤니티2025 · 제11호인도 여성관의 대전환: 델리의 중간계급 거주지 비교를 통한 계급별 젠더 인식 차이 분석상연진한국아시아학회 · 아시아연구2025 · 제28권 제2호인도 콜센터 여성 근무자에 대한 가부장적 지배와 통제 완화 가능성남성자인도연구소 · 남아시아연구2011 · 제16권 제3호국제노동이주와 젠더: 배제와 제한된 포용이선주한국여성학회 · 한국여성학2006 · 제22권 제4호가구화(Householding) 관점으로 본 경기도 A공단 필리핀 (미등록)이주여성의 가족 만들기유유선한국여성연구원 · 여성학논집2016 · 제33권 제1호

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