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Gender Trend in China’s Diplomacy and Foreign Aid: A Moral Realist Perspective

YUE|WU
국제학연구소 (The Keimyung Institute for International Studies)|2023.06|국제학논총 (JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES)|제37권 |pp. 69-103|DOI 10.22971/jois.37..202306.69

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키워드

Chinese foreign aidChinese diplomacy중국 대외원조중국 외교국제적 리더십Gender trendMoral realismInternational leadership젠더 트렌드도덕적 현실주의

초록

China has engaged in gender issues globally, which demonstrates a gender trend in its diplomacy and foreign aid. However, little existing research has paid attention to this issue or analyzed China’s motivations. Therefore, this paper aims to examine gender trends and explore their characteristics. It also attempts to analyze China’s motivations for global engagement in gender issues and figure out the domestic challenges with the international relations theory of moral realism. It finds that China’s global engagement in gender issues is reflected in its international commitments based on international treaties, support for sustainable development goals, multilateral diplomacy, and foreign aid. However, China shows a contradictory stance on gender issues due to its small aid budget, immature institutionalization, and lack of policy planning. This paper argues that gender issues are the entry point for China to build its humane authority leadership, which is consistent with China’s diplomatic shift to major-country diplomacy of assuming more international responsibilities and engaging in global governance. Nevertheless, gender inequality, negative domestic attitudes toward feminism, and the non-intervention principle constitute internal hurdles to China’s international leadership through leading by example. Hence, it is recommended that China conduct further domestic and international reforms on gender issues to enhance its international leadership.

Abstract

China has engaged in gender issues globally, which demonstrates a gender trend in its diplomacy and foreign aid. However, little existing research has paid attention to this issue or analyzed China’s motivations. Therefore, this paper aims to examine gender trends and explore their characteristics. It also attempts to analyze China’s motivations for global engagement in gender issues and figure out the domestic challenges with the international relations theory of moral realism. It finds that China’s global engagement in gender issues is reflected in its international commitments based on international treaties, support for sustainable development goals, multilateral diplomacy, and foreign aid. However, China shows a contradictory stance on gender issues due to its small aid budget, immature institutionalization, and lack of policy planning. This paper argues that gender issues are the entry point for China to build its humane authority leadership, which is consistent with China’s diplomatic shift to major-country diplomacy of assuming more international responsibilities and engaging in global governance. Nevertheless, gender inequality, negative domestic attitudes toward feminism, and the non-intervention principle constitute internal hurdles to China’s international leadership through leading by example. Hence, it is recommended that China conduct further domestic and international reforms on gender issues to enhance its international leadership.

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