일본의 저출산 대책과 재정 마련의 적절성에 대한 비판적 고찰

Abstract

This study focuses on the Acceleration Plan, a core component of Japan's low fertility policy pursued since the establishment of the Kishida administration in 2021. It specifically introduces examples of progress made compared to previous policies and discusses the funding required for the realization of such low fertility policies. The study highlights the significance of Japan’s low fertility issue, which has been recognized as a national rather than an individual problem since 1995, and addresses the criticism that past policies lacked strong governmental commitment. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of fundamental social structural reforms and changes in societal perceptions. However, for Japan’s low fertility policy to succeed, practical cultural and social factors—such as breaking traditional gender roles and raising gender awareness—must be considered in addition to financial support. Moreover, the plan to implement policies without tax increases through public spending cuts and expenditure reforms raises concerns about the sustainability of financial support. Therefore, to ensure a successful low fertility policy without imposing a financial burden on the government, considerations such as policy targeting, implementation methods, and changes in social awareness are necessary.