후기 하곡학파의 진가론(眞假論)과 실학(實學)

Abstract

The ideological review of Hagok School has mostly been expressed as ‘Confucian Practical Studies of True Mind. Although it cannot be denied, it is difficult to view it as an ideological characteristic only of Hagok School and there has been lack of detailed research on its continuity since the late Hagok School emphasized Confucian Practical Studies on True Mind that is ‘constantly truthful and without lies’. The ideological characteristic of Hagok School is generally called Confucian Practical Studies on True Mind, because the previous students of Hagok Studies stressed True Mind and the key points of Hagok Studies were the emphasis of ‘Truthfulness’ and ‘Confucian Practical Studies’. However, the concept of True or False is emphasized from the mid-period of Hagok School. Especially, the late Hagok School uses the concept of ‘True or Fales’ more than ‘Truthfulness’ while pursuing Confucian Practical Studies, and applies the concept of ‘Confucian Practical Studies’ in a difference sense from the forebears of the Hagok School. Focusing on their ideological connections, this paper examined the ideological contexts by viewing that the True or False Theory and the Confucian Practical Studies of the late Hagok School inherited the forebears’ True Mind Theory in Confucian Practical Studies and expanded further upon them. Confucian Practical Studies in the early Hagok School meant a study of ‘Practicing True Mind’ which was essentially Confucian Studies. However, the late Hagok School inherited the concepts of ‘Truth’ that expresses the independence, truthfulness, and completeness of true mind from the original Hagok Studies as well as ‘Falsehood’ that borrows other people’s theories and authority. Also, the late Hagok School expanded and developed the Confucian Practical Studies by accepting Yang Deuk-joong’s ‘Theory of False Discussion’ and the Theory of ‘Seeking Truth grounded on Concrete Evidence’. This is not merely pursuing practicality by corresponding the reality of the times but is rather based on an ideological theory, in which one’s true mind with independence and sensitivity inevitably accommodates the common thoughts of the people and returns to the pursuit of mental well-benig.