张九成与朱熹慎独思想比较

Abstract

Restraining in privacy is an important cultivation effort ofConfucianism, which was further developed byneo-Confucianism.When Zhu Xiinterpreted The Doctrine of the Mean, he distinguished Restraining in privacy from Being cautious and apprehensive (戒慎恐惧).Restraining in privacy was an effort when thoughts /emotions have arisen, but being cautious and apprehensive was an effort when thoughts /emotions haven’t arisen. Different from Zhu Xi, Zhang Jiucheng took Restraining in privacy and Being cautious and apprehensive as one effort, which was way to reach noumenon. The difference between their theories of effort rooted in the difference of their theory of noumenon. Zhu Xi regarded human nature asheaven principle, and Zhang Jiucheng regarded heart-mind as heaven principle. In Zhu Xi’s thought, as noumenon, human nature was only in the state when thoughts /emotions haven’t arisen. But in Zhang Jiucheng’s thought, heart-mind was running through all the time, which could show itself no matter when thoughts /emotions have arisen or not. The noumenon is also the effort. The different between Zhu Xi and Zhang Jiucheng’s thought, is exactly the fundamental disagreement between the SchoolofPrincipleandtheSchoolofMind.