张九成“心即理”思想的特点及意义
The Characteristics and Significance of Zhang Jiuchen’s Theory of Mind
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宋代道学认同天人具有一致之处，但此一致之处在性还是在心，不同学派各有见地。张九成作为龟山弟子、程门再传，提出了“心即理”的观点。本文从两个方面来分析张九成的心学思想：一、“天人一心”，言本心同于天理；二、“人者天地之心”，言心具有参天地造化的能动性。与闽学相比，张九成认为天人一致之处不在性，而在于心，此心不仅仅是未发之本体，同时还具有思维和感通的能力。这使天理和本心不但具有作为万物根据的本体意义，同时还可以活泼泼地呈现在现实生活中，对现实的人生给予指导。
Abstract
Neo-Confucianism agreed that human being and the nature had the same essence. which was the same essence, human-nature or Mind? Different Schools had different answers about this question. Zhang Jiucheng is the follower of Yang Shi, who is disciple of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi. Zhang Jiucheng said that Mind was Li, and he formed a theory of Mind. This paper would discuss his theory of Mind from two aspects: the first one is the consistent between the nature and human being; another one is that human being is the heart of nature. Compared with Zhu Xi, Zhang Jiucheng insisted that Mind was Li. As the thing-in-itself, Mind is not confined to the noumenal world. Mind shows itself in our real life, contains the law of all things as well as the principles of ethic.
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