공자의 『춘추』대의에 입각한 관중(管仲)의 집권 평가

Abstract

Spring and Autumn Annals as a Confucian scripture includeds massive contents: philosophy, literature, astronomy, courtesy(禮)-thought etc. It caused a lot of controversy later for Confucius to write Spring and Autumn Annals. Yet, this controversy is not problematic when Confucius' intention for ‘protecting the world and making people grow’(保世長民) is taken into consideration. Confucius' Spring and Autumn Annals as the final edition of humanities aspires to the realization of harmonious life. Therefore, when we recognize the moderate stance with the harmony of subjectivity and objectivity as the key of Justice of Spring and Autumn Annals, the life of our humanity will proceed to the place with even more value. From this viewpoint, Guan Zhong’s conduct of life, a prestigious prime minister of Qi(齊), among the figures of Spring and Autumn period was examined in this thesis. Guan Zhong was from Qi, helped Duke Huan of Qi to let Duke Huan of Qi become a leading lord. He also became a prime minister of Qi, and made people's necessities of life abundant by putting goods into circulation and increasing the production of resources. In addition, he enforced measures to enrich and strengthen the country by establishing the law and civilizing the people. The study on this figure is very suggestive at this time when it is politically and socially chaotic and necessary to re-establish the sense of value. In this thesis, the assessment of this person is naturally focused on the evaluation by Confucius and this thesis is work to find the reason for the assessment. Duke Huan of Qi became the first leading lord during the Spring and Autumn period, which was possible mostly because of Guan Zhong's ability. In th section of Xian Wen(憲問篇) of Analects(論語), Confucius said that Guan Zhong had taken away Mr. Baek’s 300 houses at a border village, but Mr. Baek didn't say words of resentment while eating coarse meals all his life. It's the evidence that his political competence had won popularity. In the section Xian Wen(憲問篇), he mentioned it was Guan Zhong's power that Duke Huan didn't use military force to rally feudal lords and it is also the evidence that Guan Zhong's political ability and talent were very special. In the section Ba Yi(八佾篇) of Analects(論語), however, Confucius severely criticized him. Guan Zhong served the enemy general, and made Duke Huan become a leading lord. After that, he lived in luxury as if he were a leading lord himself and failed to perceive ‘well-mated name or position’(正名) as a vassal. Accordingly, he seemed to have been blamed in that he didn't know courtesy(禮). Confucius also said that Guan Zhong was a man of small caliber. It might result from the fact that Guan Zhong failed to realize the world of Sinocentrism(中華) in spite of his excellent abilities and mighty power and couldn't see and act more broadly because his vision was limited to a realistic position. The works examining carefully the reasons for the conflicting evaluation on the figure by Confucius as above is expected to bring the effect on presenting the standard by which modern people wield a strict whip onto their lives and encouraging them to act fairly.