왕양명의 사회교육사상 - 「남감향약」을 중심으로 -

Abstract

This paper aims to investigate Wang Yang-ming’s philosophy of social education based on Namgam Hyangyak[南贛鄕約, The Community Compact for southern-gam Province]. Namgam Hyangyak is the critical material contained his social, practical, and educational philosophy. This social education program was made by Wang for the purpose that local people in Namgam province impoverished with many insurrections would restore peace and correct Corrupt moral customs. While making this Namgam Hyangyak program, Wang saw a lot of Jeungson Yeossi Hyangyak[增損呂氏鄕約, Chu Hsi’s revised edition of Lü-Family Community Compact]. But Wang’s program cannot be unparalleled to Chu’s Hyangyak with abundance and circumstantiality of contents. the fundamental differences of two programs are the application targets and the government intervention. While the application targets of Chu’s program are elite gentry[士大夫], Namgam Hyangyak is the ordinary people. And, Wang, the author of Namgam Hyangyak, request the government intervention as a means of last resort. Wang’s program is divided with the introduction and the 16 items. There are the necessity of Hyangyak, Wang’s entreaties to people in Namgam and the other things in the introduction. The 16 items include so many guidelines such as the organization of executive staff, the election standards, executives’ assignments, the place for Hyangyak meeting, rituals process of Hyangyak meeting, tax, monetary debt, the books for appreciating of good deed and admonishing mistakes etc. Wang especially considered the distinct characteristics of Namgam area, the birthplace of insurrections. There is Wang’s unique philosophy, Mind-heart is the core of all the questions of morality, in Namgam Hyangyak. He thought that the prior task is people’s unity of inner mind-heart and outer action for regional stability and peace. Like these in Namgam Hyangyak, Wang suggested his distinctive social philosophy that the society would be controlled by method of Simhak[心學,mind-hearts studies]. In addition, he believed the salvation by one's own efforts[自力救濟]. These are directly connected with Wang’s educational philosophy. He thought that everyone had the natural capacity of becoming a Sage, Education is creating thing the environment of realizing that capacity through its own efforts.